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Victoria Transport Institute - Main PageThe Victoria Transport Policy Institute is an independent research organization dedicated to developing innovative and practical solutions to transportation problems.Victoria Transport Institute - Main Page Home Our Approach TDM Encyclopedia Documents Evaluating Impacts and Problems Innovative Solutions Smart Land Use Public Transit Walking and Cycling Sustainability and Livability Transportation Cost and Benefit Analysis Wit and Humor VTPI Consulting Todd Litman's Blogs   Search: Who We Are The Victoria Transport Policy Institute is an independent research organization dedicated to developing innovative and practical solutions to transportation problems. We provide a variety of resources available free at this website to help improve transportation planning and policy analysis. We are funded primarily through consulting and project grants. Our research is among the most current available and has been widely applied. It can help you: Identify better solutions to transportation problems, including some approaches that are frequently overlooked or misunderstood. Identify the full benefits, costs and equity impacts of alternative transportation policies and programs. Compare and evaluate alternatives. Create a bridge between theory and practice. Click here for Todd Litman's Resume Click here for Planetizen Blogs: For Better Public Transit, We Need Better Stories Public transportation provides many often-overlooked benefits. We can do better at communicating the value of transit investments. We have good stories to tell. A Reality Check on Crime, Safety, and Transit While Duffy and Nadler battle it out in a shouting match, the data is clear: transit is safe. Parking: The Dark Matter of the Urban Universe Parking regulations affect our lives and communities in many, often mysterious ways. These impacts are often overlooked, resulting in bad policies. It's time to apply urban planning magic: fewer driveways and better managed public parking. The Mobility-Productivity Paradox New research shows that excessive vehicle travel reduces economic productivity, and that less mobility provides more productivity. Yes, you read that right. End Human Sacrifices to the Demanding Gods of Automobile Dependency and Sprawl The U.S. has much higher traffic fatality rates than peer countries due to automobile dependency and sprawl. Better planning can reduce these human sacrifices. In Both Crashes and Crime, Public Transportation is Far Safer than Driving Contrary to popular assumptions, public transportation has far lower crash and crime rates than automobile travel. For safer communities, improve and encourage transit travel. Other Blogs and Webinars We Need a Reality Check on Crime, Safety and Transit (Bloomberg CityLab) Despite common assumptions, traveling by bus, subway or train is far safer than driving. How can transit agencies correct misinformation about the real risks? Car Harms Monday: Why Driving is Bad for Business, Household Wealth and Community Prosperity in 8 Images. (StreetBlog USA) In the latest entry in our car harms series, an economist shows why car dependency is actually bad for business. Does Constant Driving Really Make Our Country Richer? (Streetblog USA Podcast with Kia Wilson) A new study reveals that constant driving is making America less productive and prosperous — and getting people on other modes could help right the ship. Why It's So Hard to Keep America's Public Transit Riders Safe. (CNN) This article quotes Todd Litman concerning his research showing that public transit has much lower crash and crime risks than driving. Want to Create a Sustainable City? Talk to Todd Litman. The Professionals Podcast. In this engaging conversation, Todd Litman, author and executive director of the Victoria Transport Policy Institute, shares his insights on a career in urban planning and sustainability, discussing the cultural richness of Canadian cities, the importance of affordability in urban living, and his personal journey into the field. Mobility & The City: New Thinking. This Grimshaw Podcast interview of Todd Litman by Tim Williams discusses everything from congestion charging through Transit Oriented Development, to EVs and AVs. Don't miss it! Newsletters VTPI NEWS Fall 2025, Vo. 25/3 VTPI NEWS Spring 2025, Vo. 25/2 VTPI NEWS Winter 2025, Vo. 25/1 VTPI NEWS Fall 2024, Vo. 24/4 VTPI NEWS Summer 2024, Vo. 24/3 VTPI NEWS Spring 2024, Vo. 24/2 VTPI NEWS Winter 2024, Vo. 24/1 VTPI NEWS Fall 2023, Vo. 23/4 VTPI NEWS Summer 2023, Vo. 23/3 VTPI NEWS Spring 2023, Vo. 23/2 VTPI NEWS Winter 2023, Vo. 23/1 VTPI NEWS Fall 2022, Vo. 22/4 VTPI NEWS Summer 2022, Vo. 22/3 VTPI NEWS Spring 2022, Vo. 22/2 VTPI NEWS Winter 2022, Vo. 22/1 VTPI NEWS Fall 2021, Vo. 21/4 VTPI NEWS Summer 2021, Vo. 21/3 VTPI NEWS Spring 2021, Vo. 21/2   Newest Resources Roadway Costs, User Revenues and Cost Recovery Trends This study calculates the portion of US roadway expenditures paid by user fees between 1921 and 2023. Most local road spending and a growing portion state and federal highway spending is funded by general taxes; special fuel taxes and tolls now cover less than half of roadway expenditures, and this is declining. Cost-recovery pricing is justified to increase efficiency, reduce traffic problems, and minimize the subsidies non-drivers must pay for facilities they do not use. Traffic Speed Versus Roadway Capacity This short report reviews research on the relationships between traffic speeds and roadway capacity (maximum vehicle volumes) and identifies the speeds that maximize traffic throughput. Because shy distances (the safe amount of separation between vehicles in traffic) increase with travel speeds, traffic capacity tends to peak at moderate speeds. Under optimal (dry, clear and level) conditions capacity typically peaks at 25-35 mph (40-60 kph) on urban arterials with cross streets and at 35-50 mph (60-80 kph) on grade-separated highways, reflecting roadway level-of-service (LOS) C to D. This indicates that moderate traffic speeds tend to maximize roadway cost efficiency and infrastructure investment value. Off-Street Versus On-Street Parking Trade-Offs Most municipalities require property owners to provide off-street parking to ensure adequate supply. However, since most driveways displace a public on-street parking space, there are trade-offs between on- and off-street supply, and since public parking spaces can serve more users and destinations than private parking, off-street parking mandates often reduce available supply. This study finds that in neighborhoods where households own fewer than two vehicles on average, off-street parking for single-family homes usually reduces total parking availability and driver convenience. Off-street parking also increases housing costs 10-20%, adds 350-800 square feet of impervious surface area, reduces walkability, and increases traffic problems. Reforming mandates is often justified for efficiency and fairness sake. Parking Management: Comprehensive Implementation Guide Typical North American communities have three to six parking spaces per vehicle, including many that are seldom used. These facilities are costly. More efficient management can significantly reduce the amount of parking needed to serve motorists’ needs, typically by 20-60%. This guide describes how to plan, evaluate and implement more than two-dozen parking management strategies. It investigates problems with current parking planning, discusses parking facility costs and potential savings from better management, evaluates the impacts and benefits of specific parking management strategies, and describes how to develop an integrated parking management program. Evaluating Transportation Economic Development Impacts Economic development refers to progress toward a community's economic goals such as increased employment, income, productivity, property values and tax revenues. This report examines how transportation policy and planning decisions affect economic development, methods for evaluating these impacts, and ways to incorporate economic development goals in transport decision-making. Some of these impacts tend to be overlooked or undervalued in transportation planning. The Mobility-Productivity Paradox: Understanding the Negative Relationship Between Mobility and Economic Productivity. This study explores a paradox: negative relationships between mobility and economic productivity. Contrary to popular perceptions, increased vehicle travel tends to reduce prosperity.This study indicates that productivity increases with more efficient transportation that reduces the vehicle travel and associated costs required for economic activities. It identifies ways that transportation agencies, business and individuals can better achieve economic goals. Safer Than You Think! Revising the Transit Safety Narrative. Public transportation is overall very safe (low crash risk) and secure (low crime risk). Transit travel has about a tenth the traffic casualty (death or injury) rate as automobile travel, and transit-oriented neighborhoods have about a fifth the per capita crash casualty rate as automobile-oriented areas. This report identifies practical ways to address fears and better communicate the overall safety and security of transit travel and address. Evaluating Transportation Affordability This article published in the ITE Journal describes why and how transportation agencies can better respond to user demands for more affordable travel options. The New Traffic Safety Paradigm This report examines our emerging understanding of traffic risks and new safety strategies, and the importance of more comprehensive safety analysis. Planning for Quality of Life: Considering Community Cohesion and Related Social Goals. Most people want their communities to be friendly, fair, affordable, healthy, comfortable and beautiful, and want these quality of life, social or livability goals to be considered in planning. Current transportation planning focuses on economic goals and sometimes environmental goals but tends to overlook and undervalue social goals such as community cohesion, equity, affordability, public fitness, personal security and public realm attractiveness. This report investigates these issues. It analyzes social goals, describes ways to evaluate them, and identifies strategies that can help achieve these goals and improve overall livability. This research indicates that better social impact analysis can help transportation agencies better respond to consumer preferences and community goals, providing more health and happiness. Progressive Planning in Ideologically Conservative Communities. Planners must work in ideologically diverse environments. This report discusses ways to be effective in conservative jurisdictions that are skeptical of new perspectives. Our goal is to make this information widely available. You are welcome to quote and copy from VTPI documents, provided you credit the authors.   Victoria Transport Policy Institute  |   1250 Rudlin Street, Victoria, BC, V8V 3R7, Canada e-mail: info@vtpi.org  |   Phone & Fax: (250)508-5150Website Development: Quietwoods Web Solutions1775124241https://vtpi.org

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