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In a Dark Time – The eye begins to see.The eye begins to see.In a Dark Time – The eye begins to see. Skip to content In a Dark Time The eye begins to see. Understanding Thomas Hardy: Pessimism vs Realism It’s clear that ChatGPT’s interpretation of Hardy’s “The Darkling Thrush” is based on the premise that Hardy is a Pessimist and that his works consistently reflect that philosophy.  I beg to differ with that opinion. Even though most of the people I personally referred Jude the Obscure to did find it depressing rather than inspiring, I saw it as a warning that helped me succeed where I might otherwise have failed. I used Hardy’s observations to make sure that I didn’t make the mistakes his characters made. Of course, I was also fortunate enough to live in a society that had managed to rid itself of many of the rigid social codes that dominate his characters.  It’s hard to deny that Hardy’s most famous novels focus on characters who seem doomed to end badly, no matter how hard they struggle against their environment and society’s arbitrary rules. It is depressing to see someone you empathize with end up like his characters do.  However, I tend to see the novels as tragedies, not tragedies that focus on heroic heroes or royalty, but tragedies that focus on everyday people, people like you or me, and their downfall is no less tragic than that of a rich or famous character. Although more critics see Hardy as a pessimist than a realist, It seems to me that Hardy is a realist, not a pessimist, and it’s not hard to find critics on the internet who agree with me that he’s a realist, if not an ameliorist. Let me cite a couple here.   In a post entitled “The Realist Mistaken for a Pessimist” Eric (I assume that’s his name ) argues that : The standard academic line on Hardy is that his work shows the futile struggle of individuals against an indifferent force that rules the world and plays ironical tricks on frail humanity. Rubbish. Hardy is just a realist. As he says of a poet in one of his short stories, “he was a pessimist in so far as that character applies to a man who looks at the worst contingencies as well as the best in the human condition”. As a naive high school student, I had no idea what the “academic line on Hardy” was, but I’m pretty sure I had never encountered novels that focused on ordinary people who led such tragic lives before, and yet, when I thought about it, I had personally known people whose lives had turned out almost as badly.     Like most critics, Eric admits that most Hardy characters “suffer tragically” and are defeated by forces they do not control: Coincidences often drive his plots and certainly his characters often (but not always) suffer tragically. But the protagonist in any Hardy novel is more likely to be in conflict with his own very human obsessions, or struggling with rigid and unjust social codes, than against some faceless fate ruling the universe. His characters aren’t railing against God but against followers of organized religion, not against the devil but against their own consciences. Yes, he’s depressed at times over who will win these battles. Who isn’t? Although Hardy’s focus on those most affected by economic turmoil and rigid, unjust social codes makes it appear that he is simply pessimistic, it’s hard to deny that he was realistically portraying the effects on members of the lower class during his age. Perhaps the author’s view of Hardy depends on his own social standing and life experiences. One can certainly understand how Dr. Mahmoud Baroud, “an Assistant Professor of English and Comparative Literature in the English Department at The Islamic University of Gaza, Palestine,” might find Hardy’s portrayal of human misery entirely realistic. He begins his argument by admitting that Hardy’s view of life is: … basically tragic. He is one of those who believe that life is full of hurdles which we cannot override. His novels concentrate on human sufferings and show that there is no escape for human beings. Pessimism runs like a dark thread through his novels. and that All these creations of Hardy’s leave in the mind, beyond a shadow of doubt, an immense sense of life’s sad uselessness. Such textual illustrations from his novels would invite us to say that there is no doubt that Hardy’s vision is bleak, somber and pessimistic. One can almost believe that Dr. Baroud actually agrees with ChatGPT and critics who believe Hardy is a Pessimist, but he gradually shifts the argument to a very different view:  As one can observe in most of his novels, Hardy’s sympathy was always with the individuals from the working classes against the rigid conventions of his society and the church corruption. Most of the best and well known characters in his novels meet unpleasant ends – largely because they are unable to break out of social conventions, financial woe or other difficulties. This is clear in his choice of his ordinary heroes and heroines for his novels… To me, the most important point here is that Hardy’s “sympathy was always with the individuals from the working classes.”  His novels work because the reader either identifies with the main character or sympathizes with them.  We empathize with them because we see the injustice of the system that victimizes them and realize that his portrayal is accurate.    Seen in this light, it’s difficult to see Hardy as a Pessimist, and we are more likely to agree with Hardy’s own view of his works: Hardy himself was sadly offended by what he considered as invalid charges. He sought to justify his view of life on many occasions and in various ways. In defense of himself and in a conversation with William Archer in 1904 (quoted in A Hardy Companion by F. B. Pinion) he said ‘…I believe, indeed,that a good deal of the robustious, swaggering optimism, of recent literature is at bottom cowardly and insincere…my pessimism, if pessimism it be, does not involve the assumption that the world is going to the dogs…On the contrary, my practical philosophy is distinctly meliorist… What are my books but one long plea against man’s inhumanity against man—to women—and to the lower animals?’(Mathur, 1982, 23) Hardy attempted a justification of his dark outlook when he declared that ‘the highest flights of the pen are mostly the excursions and revelations of souls unreconciled to life. Consequently he regarded himself as a ‘meliorist’ rather than a ‘pessimist.’ When I read these novels and “The Darkling Thrush” in high school I didn’t think that Hardy was too pessimistic; I thought he was exposing societal injustices that I had never thought about — and some of them were still in force when I was in high school.   I agree with Dr. Mahmoud Baroud when he concludes: Hardy is not a pessimist – a misanthrope (somebody who hates humanity) like Hobbes. He is a pessimist like the classical writers who view Man simply as a puppet in the hands of powerful fate as can be seen in Greek tragedies. Simply he is gloomier than they are. Instead of causing in the reader a feeling of disgust and scorn for the shortcomings of his characters, he creates in them a feeling of deep sympathy. This is due to his profound sympathy for humanity. Equally important, since he was describing life as it really was why don’t we also elaborate and suggest that his pessimism is mixed up with some sort of realism as well. One note which Hardy strikes repeatedly is his insistence on realism; his whole aim seems to have been to present the Truth regardless of the consequences. If Hardy had written“A Christmas Carol,” which focused on a lot of the same problems that Dickens did, he wouldn’t have ended with a sentimental, but unrealistic, happy ending. In Hardy’s version, Tiny Tim would have died, and the father wouldn’t have been able to attend the funeral because he had to work unless he wanted to risk getting fired. Of course, his readers would have been outraged, and he might never have published another story. Of course, that seems unlikely because of how popular his early works were. Share this: Email a link to a friend (Opens in new window) Email Share on Facebook (Opens in new window) Facebook Like this:Like Loading... Author LorenPosted on February 27, 2026Categories Blogging, ChatGPT, Hardy's Jude the ObscureLeave a comment on Understanding Thomas Hardy: Pessimism vs Realism The Thrush’s Song: Hope or Skepticism in Hardy’s Work? I tried several ways to refute ChatGPT’s interpretation of Hardy’s poem, but GPT countered each of the arguments I made, insisting that its interpretation was the correct one, perhaps the only one. First, I tried looking up positive interpretations of the poem like this one posted at St James Cathedral and pasted this part of the post into ChatGPT: Just at this low ebb, when the world, both without and within, seems drained of life and energy, something happens. A thrush begins to sing. In many ways, the thrush shares the influence of the bleak landscape: he is no bright-eyed young bird, but “an aged thrush, frail, gaunt, and small, / In blast-beruffled plume.” And yet, the thrush sings, “in a full-hearted evensong / Of joy illimited.” “Evensong,” of course, means more than just a song at evening. It’s one name for the Church’s liturgy of evening prayer. The old thrush doesn’t just sing, he carols joyfully; he “fling[s] his soul / Upon the growing gloom.” The poet is astonished, because there is nothing in view, far or near, that suggests a cause for this ecstatic singing. The cause, then, must be not in what is seen, but in what is unseen. The poem ends with doubt—a wholesome doubt. Perhaps there is something beyond the gloom, cold, and darkness of the world. Perhaps there is “some blessed Hope, whereof he knew / And I was unaware.” to see how ChatGPTwould respond to it. I got back a five-page rebuttal, beginning with this: To refute that reading persuasively, you don’t deny the poem’s ambiguity—you show that the interpretation overstates what Hardy actually allows the speaker to claim and subtly turns skepticism into affirmation. The key is to stay rigorously inside Hardy’s language. Here’s how I would dismantle it, point by point. I’ll spare you all the five page reply and leave you with this 7 Point refutation of the St. James Chapel reading: 1. The Reading Smuggles Belief Where Hardy Allows Only Supposition 2. “Wholesome Doubt” Softens Hardy’s Stark Ending‘ 3. The Religious Language Is Explicitly Undercut, Not Endorsed 4. The Thrush Is Not a Religious Messenger—It Is a Problem 5. Hardy’s Historical Position Makes the “Hopeful” Reading Unlikely 6. The Ending Does Not Invite the Reader to Believe 7. A Cleaner Counter-Reading A more textually faithful conclusion would be: The thrush’s song does not restore faith or reveal hidden meaning. Instead, it dramatizes the speaker’s modern predicament: confronted with an inexplicable expression of joy, he can neither explain it nor share it. Hope may exist somewhere—but it is no longer available to human consciousness. That preserves the poem’s power without converting it into consolation. One-Sentence Refutation That interpretation turns Hardy’s carefully fenced-off speculation into affirmation, mistaking the poem’s acknowledgment of unknowable hope for a belief in it—something Hardy’s final line explicitly refuses. If you’d like, I can also show how this “optimistic misreading” resembles the way Darkling Thrush is often taught defensively in schools—as if Hardy needed to be rescued from his own bleakness. I’ll have to admit that I don’t know what “smuggles” means, and it seems unlikely that Hardy would offer a religious response to the bleak surroundings, since his novels reveal him more as an agnostic/atheist than a Christian. So, while I would agree that the Thrush is not a “religious messenger, “I don’t see it as a problem. I’m not exactly sure what GPT means by “ The Ending Does Not Invite the Reader to Believe.” If that means that the poem isn’t an attempt to make the reader believe in God, per se, I would agree with that, but, for me, the ending suggests that, despite the bleak state of nature in the middle of Winter, there is always the Hope of a Spring redemption. I’ll have to deal with GPT’s argument that “Hardy’s Historical Position Makes the ‘Hopeful’ Reading Unlikely” in my next blog entry because I’m still figuring out why I didn’t see Hardy as overly pessimistic. Share this: Email a link to a friend (Opens in new window) Email Share on Facebook (Opens in new window) Facebook Like this:Like Loading... Author LorenPosted on February 17, 2026Categories ChatGPTLeave a comment on The Thrush’s Song: Hope or Skepticism in Hardy’s Work? When You Disagree with ChatGPT Ever since I discovered that ChatGPT would analyze a poem, I can’t resist pasting in a poem I want to comment on and seeing what GPT has to say about it.  Usually, I learn something that I hadn’t thought of myself.  When I asked ChatGPT to compare McNulty’s “Varied Thrush Calling in Autumn” and Thomas Hardy’s “The Darkling Thrush.” I definitely learned something that I hadn’t thought of myself, but this time I was NOT happy with GPT’s interpretation. GPT argues that a “Varied Thrush Calling in Autumn” and Thomas Hardy’s “The Darkling Thrush” “… share a bird, a season, and an atmosphere of historical darkness—but they use those elements in very different ways” and then goes into considerable detail on why it sees it this way. Most importantly, it argues that Hardy’s poem projects despair while McNulty’s projects “grounded hope.” 1. The Bird as Symbol: Despair vs. Grounded Hope Hardy: The thrush appears suddenly in a bleak, exhausted world: • Frost is “spectre-grey” • The land is “the Century’s corpse outleant” • Everything signals cultural, moral, and personal decline The bird’s song is unexpected and irrational—Hardy ends by admitting he himself cannot believe in its “Some blessed Hope.” The bird’s joy is mysterious, almost naïve. Hardy’s thrush = irrational hope in a hopeless world. It is a contrast to the landscape, not a result of it. McNulty: McNulty’s thrush, by contrast, grows organically out of its world: • Autumn • Cold • A “tense wind” • A season “darkening with war” Yet the bird’s “single pure note” forms “a broad wingshape of hope.” Hope isn’t irrational or naive—it’s an outgrowth of attention, art, and the natural world. McNulty’s thrush = grounded, perceptual hope emerging naturally from darkness. While I’d generally agree with GPT’s interpretation of McNulty’s use of the Varied Thrush’s single pure note, I definitely don’t agree with GPT’s interpretation of Hardy’s Thrush.  The song may well be “unexpected,” but I don’t see any evidence that Hardy sees it as irrational. In fact, since Hardy has shown in several other poems that he sympathized with small animals, show by these lines from “Afterwards:” “He strove that such innocent creatures should/ come to no harm/ But he could do little for them; and now he is gone.” In fact, he seemed proud of how aware he was of his surroundings — as made clear in the last stanza of this famous poem: And will any say when my bell of quittance is heard in the gloom,/ And a crossing breeze cuts a pause in its outrollings,/ Till they rise again, as they were a new bell’s boom,/”He hears it not now, but used to notice such things? No one who notices “such things” is going to find it “irrational” that a Thrush would be singing in January. I certainly don’t find it irrational when I hear a Varied Thrush singing in Winter, or a Marsh Wren for that matter.  Although GPT sees the poem’s setting as bleaker than I originally did, I can understand why they see it that way.   2. Tone: Bleakness vs. Quiet Resilience Hardy: Bleakness dominates the poem. Hardy’s speaker is depressed, isolated, and skeptical: “I could think there trembled through His happy good-night air Some blessed Hope… But I was unaware.” Hope is possible but unreachable; the speaker can’t receive it. McNulty: The tone is quiet, reflective, and receptive. The world is still darkening, but the speaker is open to meaning. The poem closes gently, not with a skeptical shrug: “the quiet flight of music sweetened by the coming cold.” Hardy ends with distance. McNulty ends with integration. Perhaps at 18, I didn’t see the landscape Hardy describes as depressing as others might.  I live in the Pacific Northwest, and Winters here are dominated by gray skies and drizzle for months at a time.  People who have moved here from sunnier climes often complain about how dark/gray it is here, but I find it rather peaceful, even meditative when I’m out walking or hiking, certainly not depressing.   Furthermore, I saw the bleakness of the first two stanzas more as a contrast to the last two stanzas than as an attempt to argue that the Thrush’s optimism is “unreachable.”  The fact that the aged thrush, is  “frail, gaunt, and small/In blast-beruffled plume” suggests to me that it is not some naive, young Thrush looking for first love, but a mature thrush that has experienced life’s hardships but can still find Hope in the upcoming Spring.   Raised as a city boy, I’m really not sure how I felt about Nature when I read this poem, though I think I was aware that Hardy’s portrayal of it was harsh and unforgiving, particularly in Tess of the D’Urbervilles. At this point in my life, it’s clear that I identify more with McNulty’s view than I do Hardy’s view: 3. Relationship to the Natural World Hardy: Nature is symbolic—almost allegorical. The landscape mirrors the speaker’s internal despair. McNulty: Nature is ecological, embodied. It is not a mirror of the self; it interacts with the human mind but does not simply represent it. The bird is part of a web: wind, season, cold, brushstrokes, and attention. Hardy separates the human mind from nature. McNulty unites them. It’s clear that at the beginning of the poem Hardy’s narrator is depressed by the world he sees, and that depression colors how he sees nature, mirroring his internal despair as seen in the lines: “The land’s sharp features seemed to be/ The Century’s corpse outleant,/ His crypt the cloudy canopy/ The wind his death-lament…”  I think that’s natural; it’s hard to remember how magnificent Mt. Rainier looks even on a sunny day when you’re experiencing personal problems.  I’m not sure that Hardy meant nature is symbolic, much less allegorical. Those are just three points of comparison ChatGPT makes, but they seem like the most important. I’m not going to belabor all of them, but here’s an Overall Summary of the differences between the two poems: AspectHardyMcNultyMoodbleak, skepticalquiet, receptiveHopeirrational, unreachablegrounded, discoverableBird’s songexuberantminimal, pureNaturesymbolic of human despairecological, integratedArtobserves despairshapes hopeEndingunresolved, doubtfulgentle acceptance Both poems ask whether beauty can matter in dark times.Hardy’s answer: maybe, but I can’t feel it.McNulty’s answer: yes, but quietly and attentively. Unhappy with this interpretation, I tried for nearly 25 pages, 7000+ words to convince ChatGPT that its interpretation was wrong.   This entry is already too, too long, though, so I’ll start with this and post more comments shortly — I hope. I’m afraid that at some point this exchange illustrates my stubbornness and doubts about ChatGPT rather than merely comparing of these two poems. Share this: Email a link to a friend (Opens in new window) Email Share on Facebook (Opens in new window) Facebook Like this:Like Loading... Author LorenPosted on February 11, 2026Categories Blogging, ChatGPTLeave a comment on When You Disagree with ChatGPT Hardy’s Novels and Poetry Have Special Meaning to Me I’m pretty sure I’ve told parts of this story here several times in the past, but what I have to say about falling into the black hole of AI poetry analysis probably won’t make sense without knowing my background with Hardy’s poem.  I was taking a semester-long Senior English class that was advertised as an honors class for students who had high scores on their SATs but lower scores in the writing portion of the exam.  When I went to the office and asked why I wasn’t in the regular honors English class since I’d gotten “A’s” in all my English classes, they told me that I could be in the regular honors class if I wanted, but would need better writing skills if I wanted to succeed in college. Somewhat appeased by that explanation, I begrudgingly entered Mr. Thomas’s “bonehead Honors” class. For better or worse, it turned out to be the most influential class of my life. First, it revealed that — though I often had good insights —I didn’t have a clue how to organize my thoughts.  I don’t think I’d ever seen an outline before, and I certainly didn’t know how to use one to write my own papers. I’d never used notecards before this class. In other words, the class itself focused on writing, not literature. Except for Calculus (an everlasting disaster), it was the toughest class I ever took, and the INTP in me loved it.   We had to write a paper outside of class, and I chose Thomas Hardy as my subject, although I had no idea who Thomas Hardy was. I read three of his novels: Return of the Native, Tess of the D’Urbervilles, Jude the Obscure, and a short collection of his poems for my paper. I had never explored a writer in such depth before. More importantly, I had never read one who portrayed life so critically.  I had read a lot in my life (we didn’t have a TV until I was in Junior High, and my parents were voracious readers). My mother bought the family an encyclopedia when I was in 4th or 5th grade, which included a collection of classic novels that had apparently been bowdlerized for young kids. After I finished those, my mother would suggest classics I should check out from the library — most of which I don’t remember, probably because they seemed to have little or nothing to do with me.  After all, I never wanted or expected to be part of English upper society, though I’ll admit to being a bit of a sucker for My Friend Flicka and Thunderhead. In other words, almost everything I had read or been exposed to up to that point offered a Romantic/Optimistic/childish view of life. The only novels I had read in high school that were nearly as pessimistic/realistic as Hardy were How Green Was My Valley and A Tree Grows in Brooklyn. Perhaps Hardy resonated because I was beginning to realize that my own opportunities in life weren’t so grand as I had once been led to believe.  Though some colleges like Harvey Mudd recruited me, there was no way my parents or I could afford the tuition there, even with a scholarship. It never even occurred to me that I could take out a student loan; we weren’t those kinds of people. Even attending the University of Washington, the local college, was going to be a challenge and meant I would have to work at least part-time to afford it.  I was fascinated by Hardy’s novels, so fascinated that I switched from a Physics Major to an English Major when I entered the University of Washington months later. Of course, I’d always been more interested in seeking Truth than following a particular career. So, perhaps this wasn’t such a momentous decision. Jude the Obscure made the biggest impression on me because it seemed most relevant to my personal life and the decisions I faced. In fact, before I read Catch-22 many years later, after serving in Vietnam, Jude was my favorite novel.  Unfortunately,by now I have only vague memories of Hardy’s novels, even Jude, but I memorized “The Darkling Thrush:”  I leant upon a coppice gate      When Frost was spectre-grey,And Winter's dregs made desolate      The weakening eye of day.The tangled bine-stems scored the sky      Like strings of broken lyres,And all mankind that haunted nigh      Had sought their household fires.The land's sharp features seemed to be      The Century's corpse outleant,His crypt the cloudy canopy,      The wind his death-lament.The ancient pulse of germ and birth      Was shrunken hard and dry,And every spirit upon earth      Seemed fervourless as I.At once a voice arose among      The bleak twigs overheadIn a full-hearted evensong      Of joy illimited;An aged thrush, frail, gaunt, and small,      In blast-beruffled plume,Had chosen thus to fling his soul      Upon the growing gloom.So little cause for carolings      Of such ecstatic soundWas written on terrestrial things      Afar or nigh around,That I could think there trembled through      His happy good-night airSome blessed Hope, whereof he knew      And I was unaware. and it has stayed with me for my whole life, not because it is depressing, but because it seems to offer Hope even in the face of a bleak world. In fact, for years, I would post it to this site on New Year’s Day in hopes that the next year would be a better one. Or, at least, that was my interpretation until I compared it to McNulty’s “Varied Thrush Calling in Autumn” inChat GPT, which gave a very different interpretation to the poem, no matter how hard I tried to convince it otherwise.   Share this: Email a link to a friend (Opens in new window) Email Share on Facebook (Opens in new window) Facebook Like this:Like Loading... Author LorenPosted on January 20, 2026Categories Blogging, Hardy's Jude the Obscure, Hardy's Return of the Native, Hardy's Tess of the D'UrbervillesLeave a comment on Hardy’s Novels and Poetry Have Special Meaning to Me Posts pagination Page 1 Page 2 … Page 953 Next page Email Loren Loren Webster Thanks for Commenting micah Holmstrom on Exploring Transcendentalism an…Mimi Michalski on Tim McNulty’s AscendanceLoren Webster on Tim McNulty’s AscendanceAndrew Hidas on Tim McNulty’s AscendanceLoren on Liz Nakazawa’s Painting the He… Monthly Posts March 2026 M T W T F S S  1 2345678 9101112131415 16171819202122 23242526272829 3031   « Feb     Search In a Dark Time Search for: Search Archives Archives Select Month February 2026 January 2026 December 2025 October 2025 September 2025 July 2025 June 2025 May 2025 April 2025 March 2025 February 2025 January 2025 July 2024 June 2024 May 2024 April 2024 March 2024 February 2024 August 2023 July 2023 June 2023 May 2023 April 2023 March 2023 February 2023 November 2022 October 2022 September 2022 August 2022 July 2022 June 2022 May 2022 April 2022 March 2022 February 2022 January 2022 December 2021 November 2021 October 2021 September 2021 August 2021 July 2021 June 2021 May 2021 April 2021 March 2021 February 2021 January 2021 December 2020 November 2020 October 2020 September 2020 August 2020 July 2020 June 2020 May 2020 April 2020 March 2020 February 2020 January 2020 December 2019 November 2019 October 2019 September 2019 August 2019 July 2019 June 2019 May 2019 April 2019 March 2019 February 2019 January 2019 December 2018 November 2018 October 2018 September 2018 August 2018 July 2018 June 2018 May 2018 April 2018 March 2018 February 2018 January 2018 December 2017 November 2017 October 2017 September 2017 August 2017 July 2017 June 2017 May 2017 April 2017 March 2017 February 2017 January 2017 December 2016 November 2016 October 2016 September 2016 August 2016 July 2016 June 2016 May 2016 April 2016 March 2016 February 2016 January 2016 December 2015 November 2015 October 2015 September 2015 August 2015 July 2015 June 2015 May 2015 April 2015 March 2015 February 2015 January 2015 December 2014 November 2014 October 2014 September 2014 August 2014 July 2014 June 2014 May 2014 April 2014 March 2014 February 2014 January 2014 December 2013 November 2013 October 2013 September 2013 August 2013 July 2013 June 2013 May 2013 April 2013 March 2013 February 2013 January 2013 December 2012 November 2012 October 2012 September 2012 August 2012 July 2012 June 2012 May 2012 April 2012 March 2012 February 2012 January 2012 December 2011 November 2011 October 2011 September 2011 August 2011 July 2011 June 2011 May 2011 April 2011 March 2011 February 2011 January 2011 December 2010 November 2010 October 2010 September 2010 August 2010 July 2010 June 2010 May 2010 April 2010 March 2010 February 2010 January 2010 December 2009 November 2009 October 2009 September 2009 August 2009 July 2009 June 2009 May 2009 April 2009 March 2009 February 2009 January 2009 December 2008 November 2008 October 2008 September 2008 August 2008 July 2008 June 2008 May 2008 April 2008 March 2008 February 2008 January 2008 December 2007 November 2007 October 2007 September 2007 August 2007 July 2007 June 2007 May 2007 April 2007 March 2007 February 2007 January 2007 December 2006 November 2006 October 2006 September 2006 August 2006 July 2006 June 2006 May 2006 April 2006 March 2006 February 2006 January 2006 December 2005 November 2005 October 2005 September 2005 August 2005 July 2005 June 2005 May 2005 April 2005 March 2005 February 2005 January 2005 December 2004 November 2004 October 2004 September 2004 August 2004 July 2004 June 2004 May 2004 April 2004 March 2004 February 2004 January 2004 December 2003 November 2003 October 2003 September 2003 August 2003 July 2003 June 2003 May 2003 April 2003 March 2003 February 2003 January 2003 December 2002 November 2002 October 2002 September 2002 August 2002 July 2002 June 2002 May 2002 April 2002 March 2002 February 2002 January 2002 December 2001 November 2001 October 2001 September 2001 In a Dark Time Powered by WordPress.com. %denusen-US1772575081https://lorenwebster.net

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