Home - ProImmuneHome - ProImmune Skip to navigation Skip to content Order Online My Account Quotes Basket Search for: Search Menu Products Ankyrons™ Introduction to Ankyrons Catalog Ankyrons Custom Ankyrons Pro5® MHC Class I Pentamers Introduction to Pentamers Catalog Pentamers Custom Pentamers HLA-E Pentamers Biotin Labeled Pentamers Simian Pentamers Chimeric A2Kb Pentamers ProVE® Pentamer Libraries ProM1® MHC Class I Monomers ProT2® MHC Class II Tetramers Introduction to ProT2® MHC Class II Tetramers List of Catalog ProT2®MHC Class II Tetramers ProM2® MHC Class II Monomers Introduction to ProM2® MHC Class II Monomers List of Catalog ProM2® MHC Class II Monomers CD1d Tetramers MR1 Tetramers thinkpeptides® Peptide Products Custom Peptide Synthesis ProMix™ Peptide Pools Antibodies Services ProPresent® Antigen Presentation Assay ProMap® T Cell Proliferation Assays ProScern® DC-T Cell Proliferation Assays Mixed Lymphocyte Reaction (MLR) Assays ProImmune REVEAL & ProVE® ProImmune REVEAL & ProVE® Overview MHC Class I Binding Assays MHC Class II Binding Assays Mouse Class II Binding Assays HLA Class II Competition Assay ProStorm® Cytokine Release Assay Immunogenicity Services Immunogenicity Risk of Complex Peptide Products Immunogenicity of Biotherapeutics Immunotoxicology Testing ProSpot® T cell ELISpot Assays ProSpot® B Cell ELISpot Assays typeHLA: HLA Typing Service B Cell Linear Epitope Mapping Blood Processing Service Special Assay Service Immunocytometry Assay Service Resources Download Pro5® Pentamer Handbook Ankyron Protocols Multimer Protocols and others Customer Research Case Studies Selected Customer Publications Customer Testimonials MHC Allele Frequencies Price Lists Request Information Quote for Products or Services Frequently Asked Questions News Support Multimer Flow Cytometry Custom Peptides Custom Peptide Libraries Ankyron Protocols Multimer Protocols and other Pro5® Pentamer Applications Flow Cytometry Magnetic Bead Cell Separation Tissue Staining Custom Peptide Applications Peptide Applications Support Intracellular Cytokine Staining About About ProImmune Our Clients Quality Terms of Business Privacy Policy Careers Current Opportunities Careers at ProImmune Graduate Recruitment Recruitment Process Company Culture Benefits Frequently Asked Questions Contact Us Contact Us Distributors 中文 Home HomeA Messy End for TB infected About ProImmune Cookie Policy Advances-Toward ankyron-protocols Ankyrons Ankyrons-Chinese Anti-Idiotype-Ankyrons Antibodies Applications for B cell ELISpot B cell ELISPOT Assay Service B Cell Epitope Mapping B Cell Epitope Mapping B Cell Linear Epitope Mapping Become a study donor Benefits Biotin Labeled Pentamers Blood Processing Service By Application By Disease Cancer-Publications Careers at ProImmune Case-Studies-for-CD1d-Tetramers Case-Study Catalog List Catalog MHC Class I Pentamers Catalog Pro5® MHC Class I Pentamers CD1d Tetramers CD1d Tetramers CD1d tetramers – Chinese (四聚体) CD1d-tetramers CDC-study Cell-Separation Cellular Analysis Services Central-in-life-saving Checkout Chimeric A2Kb Pentamers Class-I-Pentamers-used Co-Staining with Intracellular Cytokines Company Culture Conference Knowledge Conference Videos Contact Us Current Opportunities Custom Ankyrons Custom Pentamers Custom Peptide Libraries Custom Peptides Customer Case Studies Customer Publications Customer Research Case Studies Customer Testimonials Decreasing-the-Hazards Defining-autoantibody Delivery-Charges Designing-a-Malaria-Vaccine Diagnostic-Peptide-Epitope Discovery-of-first Distributors Distributors Download Literature Pro5® Pentamer Handbook Download Literature Product Catalog Download Literature Products & Services Download Literature Protocols Download Literature Protocols ELISpot Assays Epitope-Discovery Epitope-Discovery Evaluating Immunogenicity risk of Complex peptide products (Chinese) Finding Your Ideal Research Partner Finding-a-way First-ever Flow Cytometry Flow Cytometry Assay Service Frequently Asked Questions Frequently Asked Questions Global SARS-CoV-2 Expert Symposium 2022 Graduate Recruitment Hepatitis-C-Virus-infection HIV-vaccine-study HLA Class II Competition Assay HLA Competition Binding Assays – Chinese HLA-E Pro5® Pentamers Home How inheritance of Sickle Cell Anemia protects against How to Order How-to-Order-Online Immunity Research Immunity-Research Immunocytometry Assay Service Immunogenicity Immunogenicity of Biotherapeutics Immunogenicity Risk of Complex Peptide Products Immunogenicity Services from ProImmune Immunology Society Websites Immunotoxicology Testing Infectious-Disease-Publications Instituto-Gulbekian Intracellular Cytokine Staining Invited-Editorial Invited-Editorial Killer-T-Cells Kinase Assays Lessons-in-Developing library Life-saving adoptive T cell transfer for EBV-associated lymphoma Liposomes-deliver List of Catalog Class II Monomers Loss-of-thymic Magnetic Bead Cell Separation Magnetic-Cell-Separation Mastering Immunity 2019 Mastering Immunity 2020 Virtual Mastering Immunity 2023: Infectious Diseases Expert Symposium Mastering Immunity 2023: Summer Mastering Immunity 2025 – Singapore Mastering Immunity Europe 2019 Mastering Immunity Europe 2021 Mastering Immunogenicity Mastering Immunogenicity Mastering Immunogenicity Conference Knowledge MHC & Epitope Prediction Websites MHC Alleles MHC Class I Binding Assay – Chinese MHC Class I Binding Assays MHC Class II Binding Assays MHC class II Tetramers Catalog List MHC-Class-I-Pentamers MHC-Pentamers MHC-Peptide-Ankyrons Mixed Lymphocyte Reaction (MLR) Assays Mouse Class II Binding Assays MR1 Tetramer-Chinese MR1 tetramers Multimer Flow Cytometry MutaMap™ Mutational Activity Map My Account My Basket New-adjuvant Optimizing-Cell-Mediated Order Online pentamer_detail pentamer-case-studies Pentamer-central-to-Hepatitis Pentamers-and-Intracellular Pentamers-are-used Pentamers-identify Pentamers-integral Pentamers-used-in-conjunction pepquote PEPscreen Peptide Applications Support Price List United Kingdom Price List USA Canada Price ListEurope Price Lists Price Lists & Order Forms Price-List-International Privacy Policy Pro5® MHC Class I Pentamer – Chinese (五聚体) Pro5® MHC Class I Pentamers Pro5® MHC Class I Pentamers for Simian Alleles Pro5® Pentamer Handbook ProImmune Ankyron Webcast April 2025 ProImmune Asia: Viral Hepatitis Conference ProImmune Chinese T cell Expert Symposium 2022 ProImmune Mastering Immunity 2022 ProImmune Multimer Webcast 2024 ProImmune Pro5 Pentamer Seminar ProImmune ProPresent Webcast 2024 ProImmune REVEAL & ProVE® Overview ProImmune REVEAL MHC Class II Binding assay-Chinese ProImmune REVEAL Mouse MHC Class II binding assay-Chinese ProImmune SARS-CoV-2 Expert Symposium ProImmune TCA Webcast ProImmune Videos ProImmune-Chinese ProImmune-Pro5 ProImmune-Pro5-MHC ProImmune-REVEAL ProImmune-REVEAL ProImmune-REVEAL Proliferation Assays ProM1™ MHC Class I Monomers ProM1™ MHC Class I Monomers, biotin labeled ProM2® MHC Class II Monomers ProM2® MHC Class II Monomers, biotinylated ProMap® -Chinese ProMap® T Cell Proliferation Assays ProMix™ Peptide Pools ProMix™ Peptide Pools – Chinese (混合肽) ProPresent – Chinese ProPresent® MAPPS Antigen Presentation Assay | ProImmune ProScern® – Chinese ProScern® DC-T Cell Proliferation Assays ProStorm – Chinese ProStorm® Cytokine Release Assay ProT2 MHC Class II tetramer – Chinese (类四聚体) ProT2® MHC Class II Tetramers ProT2®-MHC-Class II-Tetramers Protocol Optimization Protocols ProVE® Pentamer Libraries Publications citing Publications citing ProImmune Publications citing the use Publications citing the use Quality Quote – Thank You Quote for Products or Services Quote request status Rate assays Recruitment Process Register for Technical Webcasts Request a Quote Request a Quote – WPForms Request Product Literature Research into Researchers at the University Resource Centre REVEAL® – Chinese Sending in Trained Shipping Information Sleep Your Way Special Assay Service Subscribe to Email Newsletter Success for Hepatitis T cell Assays T Cell ELISPOT Assays Terms and Conditions Terms of Business tetramer The Human Side TheWhoHow think peptides Tissue Staining Tissue Staining with Tracking the TCR typeHLA: HLA Typing Service Updates Used to identify Using thinkpeptides Virus Research Virus Research Publications Webcasts WhatCausesAdverse White Paper Work at proimmune Working with Peptides Zuben Sauna 人类MR1 四聚体 Your basket is currently empty! Mastering Immunity understand and manage immune responses Our unique solutions for immunology research can save you time, money and give you clarity, whether your objective is basic research, preclinical or clinical development. Our Clients Ankyrons™ next generation target binding and detection A new era of target-binding reagents beyond research antibodies: Ankyrons™ offer affordable high-quality customized recombinant monoclonal binding reagents for any application and protein target. Find out more Ankyron Catalog Mastering Immunity on 1-2 Sep 2025 in Singapore on emerging, tropical, and pandemic infectious diseases: registration now open Learn from video recorded at ProImmune conferences Latest: ProImmune and the Pirbright Institute collaborate to advance animal health with Ankyrons USA/Canada Toll Free: +1 888 505 7765 Asia-Pacific Region: +65 8338 1853 All Other Countries: +44 870 042 7279 Email: enquiries@proimmune.com What We Do Products Services Ankyrons: next generation target binding and detection MR1 Tetramers ProMix™ Peptide Pools ProM1™ MHC Class I Monomers Antibodies thinkpeptides® Custom Peptide Synthesis CD1d Tetramers ProM2® MHC Class II Monomers ProT2® MHC Class II Tetramers Pro5® MHC Class I Pentamers Immunotoxicology Testing Immunogenicity of Biotherapeutics Special Assay Service typeHLA: HLA Typing Service Blood Processing Service Immunocytometry Assay Service B cell ProSpot™ ELISpot Assay Service ProSpot™ T cell ELISpot Assays ProStorm® Cytokine Release Assay ProImmune REVEAL & ProVE ProScern® DC-T Cell Proliferation Assays ProMap® T Cell Proliferation Assays ProPresent® Antigen Presentation Assay Updates News Events Conference Videos Podcasts Guides January 2019 Mastering Immunity Europe 2019 speakers announced and registration open Mastering Immunity Europe 2019 will be taking place at Wolfson College, University of Oxford on 21 March. Speakers have now been announced and registration is now open. September 2018 MHC Pentamers used by team at GSK to study mRNA vaccines that can protect against several Flu strains Pro5® Class I MHC Pentamers used by team at GSK to study mRNA vaccines that can protect against several Flu strains Magini D. et al., PLOS One (2017) Self-Amplifying mRNA Vaccines Expressing Multiple Conserved Influenza Antigens Confer Protection against Homologous and Heterosubtypic Viral Challenge http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0161193 Figure: NP-specific CD8+ T-cell responses in lungs after influenza challenge. BALB/c mice were immunized i.m. twice, 8 weeks apart, with PBS, 0.1 μg of self-amplifying mRNA (SAM®) vectors SAM(NP), SAM(M1), SAM(M1-NP), or with 0.2 μg of SAM(NP)+SAM(M1). Four weeks after the second immunization, mice were infected with PR8 virus. NP-specific CD8 T cells recruited in the lungs after the infection were characterized by flow cytometry. (a) Numbers of NP-specific CD8+ T cells determined using Pro5® MHC Pentamers. Data are from individual mice (depicted as dots), while solid lanes indicate the mean±SD. (b) Cumulative frequency of Ag-specific, cytokine-secreting CD8+ T cells, indicated as absolute number per lung. The color code represents the different combinations of cytokine produced by the respective cells after in vitro stimulation with medium (m), NP147-155 peptide (NP), or M1 peptide pool (M1), as indicated. (c) Absolute number of NP-specific CD8+ T cells positive (black bar) or not (grey bar) for CD107a. Data derived from two independent and merged experiments. Statistical analyses were performed using the Mann-Whitney U test. *p<0.05; **p<0.01 compared to the PBS-treated group. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0161193.g006 Abbreviated abstract: Current hemagglutinin (HA)-based seasonal influenza vaccines induce vaccine strain-specific neutralizing antibodies that usually fail to protect against mismatched circulating viruses. Inclusion of conserved proteins such as the nucleoprotein (NP) and the matrix protein 1 (M1) can increase effectiveness by eliciting cross-reactive T-cells. However, efficient priming of T-cell responses requires the right delivery system. Here we show novel self-amplifying mRNA (SAM®) vectors expressing influenza NP (SAM(NP)), M1 (SAM(M1)), and NP and M1 (SAM(M1-NP)) delivered with lipid nanoparticles (LNP) induce robust polyfunctional CD4 T helper 1 cells, while NP-containing SAM also induced cytotoxic CD8 T cells. Robust expansions of central memory (TCM) and effector memory (TEM) CD4 and CD8 T cells were also measured. An enhanced recruitment of NP-specific cytotoxic CD8 T cells was observed in the lungs of SAM(NP)-immunized mice after influenza infection that paralleled with reduced lung viral titers and pathology, and increased survival after homologous and heterosubtypic influenza challenge. We show for the first time that the co-administration of RNA (SAM(M1-NP)) and protein (monovalent inactivated influenza vaccine (MIIV)) was feasible, induced simultaneously NP-, M1- and HA-specific T cells and HA-specific neutralizing antibodies, and enhanced MIIV efficacy against a heterologous challenge. Pro5® MHC Pentamer Pro5® MHC Class I Pentamers are the market leading product for detecting antigen-specific T cells, you can count on consistent performance backed up by unrivalled customer service. To ensure uniformity and consistency, each Pentamer is purified four times before being subjected to rigorous quality control acceptance testing. The choice of leading researchers Hundreds of catalog items Custom made for new specificities Uniform bright staining Excellent long-term stability More than 1200 scientific publications Better uniform avidity than tetramers Unrivalled application support Request a Quote January 2018 ProImmune launches MutaMap™ Mutational Activity Map Service MutaMap™ Mutational Activity Map high throughput service for mutational activity maps of therapeutic proteins A new key tool for developability engineering. When it’s time to make final engineering decisions for your antibody or protein, MutaMap™ can help evaluate which individual point mutations to pursue. MutaMap™ is an in vitro assay system that helps explore the effect of substituting each amino acid in at each position in a protein sequence one by one with all 19 possible substitutions and find out the effect on protein activity. For example a sequence stretch of 100 amino acids will result in up to 2000 mutants to explore. The approach of MutaMap™ is simple. Each position of a protein of interest is mutated by site directed mutagenesis, expressed and tested for its affinity/activity. MutaMap™ does not use any surrogate measurement for affinity or activity. Cell free in vitro translation of proteins is combined with solution titration assays to measure affinity/activity. Both methods are optimized for high throughput processing of samples while still allowing for accurate measurements of affinity/activity. The technology is particularly suitable for investing the ligand binding interactions of high affinity monoclonal antibodies, down into the high femtomolar range where other approaches such as SPR struggle to deliver high throughput results. Watch our MutaMap™ Podcast Mutations investigated in CDR1 and CDR3 of Avastin® heavy chain variable domain Figure 1: Shown above is an example of a mutagenesis heatmap generated for CDR1 and CDR3 from Avastin® heavy chain variable fragment. For binding pair interactions MutaMap™ uses high throughput solution equilibrium titration (SET) immunoassays to determine the binding affinity for each construct tested. Figure 2: SET results for measuring the affinity of Avastin® scFv and Lucentis® scFv. The resulting titration curve is regressed according to the relevant mass action binding laws. The robustness of the SET approach ensures that this high throughput assay works well for affinities in the single digit picomolar range, as demonstrated by the tight confidence intervals. What does MutaMap™ show you? MutaMap™ delivers a heat map for your protein (see Figure 1 above) that shows you which point mutations lead to an increase, decrease, or no change in affinity (or other activity) or non-function of the protein when interacting with one or more of its binding partners. Effectively you can learn which mutations, one by one, are likely to be permissible or favourable in your protein in terms of the key property of binding to a ligand. MutaMap™ therefore allows you to make informed protein engineering decisions for a range of key developability objectives which include: Improving activity/affinity by cherry picking mutations, including in the CDRs of mAbs De-immunization while maintaining or even improving protein activity Altering cross reactivity, e.g. for improved cross-species reactivity Improved humanization or provision of other engineered features Stability/Manufacturability and other key developability improvements, achievable through deliberate point mutations Prolonging half-life Developing unique new composition of matter IP Focus on position S105 in CDR-H3 of Avastin® heavy chain variable domain Figure 3: What is clear is that the MutaMap™ heatmap shows permissible mutations, especially in CDR-H3 in cases that are not normally considered conservative, e.g. in position S105. This opens up choices for re-designing the molecule that would not normally be available based on computational assessments. Figure 4: Position S105 in Avastin® CDR-H3 is mutated to T in in Lucentis® MutaMap™ reconfirms that this mutation is indeed beneficial for improving binding. It also shows that a number of other mutations are available to match or improve the affinity of the construct over the Avastin® wild type. How does MutaMap™ compare to molecular evolution technologies? Molecular evolution techniques such as phage display and other phenotype-genotype coupled randomization techniques are most commonly used in the affinity maturation process for monoclonal antibodies and other binding scaffolds. The advantage of these technologies is that they help explore a very large sequence space of combined mutations. There comes a point however when final decisions have to be made on the implementation of a protein sequence where individual point mutations may be considered in an antibody or therapeutic protein to meet a variety of design objectives. Randomized molecular evolution is not appropriate for this step. Exploring individual point mutations is nothing new, but it has been difficult to carry this step out in very high throughput way, especially where the objective is to clone and express every mutant and then measure its affinity/activity with reasonable accuracy. This is what MutaMap™ can achieve. Where does MutaMap™ fit in as part a project for e.g. generating a candidate monoclonal antibody for clinical development? Figure 5:Example work flow for pre-clinial protein engineering of therapeutic monoclonal antibody; individual projects may differ. How long does a MutaMap™ project take? Our objective is to complete medium size projects of exploring 500-2000 mutations in approximately 8-12 weeks from receiving the customer’s protein sequence. Larger projects will take slightly longer, depending on complexity. What is the stepwise process for carrying out MutaMap™? First we will discuss with you the sequence space you want to explore. This may be the known paratope of a protein or the CDR and flanking regions of a monoclonal antibody. To save time and cost you may not want to explore substituting amino acids into the sequence that are considered highly non-conservative or prone to degradation when exposed. We will also discuss what you know about the binding interaction of your protein with its target, whether you have working immunoassays for this interaction and whether the wild type protein and isolated ligand is available to work with in an immunoassay system. Depending on the nature of the interaction and the binding partners we will ensure that the base assay of binding wild type protein to target works well. Once these details are agreed and the project is initiated we will run the mutagenesis agreed for each position, express the protein at small scale and carry out the equilibrium binding titration affinity measurement in high throughput. What will you get? A final technical report delivered via our secure webserver showing you the affinity or activity determination for the wild type and each mutant with confidence interval. This will be presented in various formats for ease of interpretation, including a standard heatmap. For customers that want to carry out protein antigenicity studies in parallel, these can be carried out in approximately the same timeframe as the MutaMap™. This means that within a period of approximately 8-12 weeks we will have determined experimentally both the putative T cell epitopes and the MutaMap™ of permitted mutations in your protein sequence. This information can allow you to proceed with much better informed decisions on how to address immunogenicity related issues for your program while addressing simultaneously other developability related design decisions for your sequence. January 2016 Introducing: ProT2™ MHC Class II Tetramers ProImmune Introduces ProT2™ MHC Class II Tetramer Reagents to Study Antigen-Specific CD4+ T Cell Immune Responses Oxford, UK, 14 January 2016 ProImmune, a leader in services for understanding and managing adaptive immune responses, announced today the introduction of ProT2™, a range of Human MHC Class II tetramer reagents for tetramer analyses in the study of antigen-specific CD4+ T cell immune responses. ProImmune’s offering represents the broadest choice of ready to order catalog and custom items in this field and will enable research into CD4+ T cell responses in a variety of disease areas including cancer, infectious diseases, allergy, autoimmunity and transplantation. Another key area for this product range is the detailed study of T cell help in unwanted immune responses to biologics. CD4+ T cell responses are at the heart of steering the adaptive immune system directing both cytotoxic T cell responses and antibody responses mediated by B cells. ProT2™ MHC Class II Tetramers allow the direct detection and separation of single antigen-specific CD4+T cells accurately by flow cytometry. Nikolai Schwabe, CEO of ProImmune commented: “By introducing a broad and growing ProT2™ Tetramer product range we intend to give MHC Class II tetramer analysis the emphasis it deserves in the study of CD4+ T cell responses which play such a pivotal role in adaptive immunity across so many disease and treatment modalities.” ProT2™ Class II MHC Monomer reagents are supported by ProImmune’s expert customer service and application support, helping new users in particular to establish and optimize robust protocols in their own laboratories. This addition to ProImmune’s class II reagent offering further complements an already extensive range of services for evaluating CD4+ T cell responses, including ProImmune REVEAL® MHC peptide binding assays, CD4+ T cell and DC T cell proliferation assays and standard immune monitoring services through ELISPOT and flow cytometry based assays. For more information on ProT2™ reagents and their availability, or to place an order, please visit: www.proimmune.com email enquiries@proimmune.com, or call + 1 888 505 7765 in the United States or + 44 870 042 7279 in other countries. -ENDS- Notes to Editors: About ProImmune – www.proimmune.com ProImmune’s mission is to be a partner of choice for understanding and managing adaptive immune responses. It does this by offering unique solutions for preclinical and clinical immunology research, including a comprehensive and integrated antigen characterization and immunogenicity testing platform, and products and services for tracking antigen-specific immune responses with state-of-the-art ELISpot and flow cytometry techniques. ProImmune is committed to helping researcher’s achieve success through product innovation, responsive service and focused application support, saving time and money, and reducing risk. For more information, please contact At ProImmune: Jeremy Fry, Tel: +44 (0) 870 042 7279 Email: enquiries@proimmune.com Media enquiries: Sarah Jeffery Zyme Communications Ltd Tel: +44 (0) 7771 730 919 Email: sarah.jeffery@zymecommunications.com April 2015 ProImmune Introduces ProSentium™ a Unique Peptide Sequence Database to Investigate T Cell Immune System ProImmune Introduces ProSentium™ a Unique Peptide Sequence Database to Investigate T Cell Immune System New service and extensive data collection covers vast range of antigens with high disease relevance Oxford,UK, 14 April 2015 – ProImmune, a leader in services for understanding and managing adaptive immune responses, announced today the introduction of a new antigen database service called ProSentium™, based on in vitro assay results using sequencing mass spectrometry. ProSentium data can show the precise peptide sequences from proteins of interest visible to the body’s own T cell immune system. The data collection covers many high value therapeutic targets and areas including the majority of licensed replacement factor proteins, including clotting factors, replacement enzymes, spanning development areas including oncology, cardiovascular, CNS, immunology, gastroenterology and many orphan diseases. Under an exclusive or non-exclusive license, the bespoke database service investigates and reports peptide hits against the ProSentium database for a customer’s specific protein or protein family of interest. Results are reported as overlapping nested peptide sets and provide statistically relevant antigen sequence data that can be used to further inform drug development decisions. Nikolai Schwabe, CEO of ProImmune commented: “ProSentium supports pivotal decision making in drug design and development with the physical evidence required for game changing approaches that target or interact with the immune system. Through our service offering, we are delighted that we can offer this ground-breaking resource to researchers so they can better understand the body’s immune response and bring new therapies to patients. ” T cells play a critical role in all immune responses, including in fighting infections, cancer and in autoimmunity and in unwanted drug reactions. To understand T cell responses, it is crucial to understand the specific peptide antigens that the immune system recognizes and are presented on the cell surface of both normal and diseased cells. ProSentium data can be readily analyzed and reported, and is fully compatible with ProImmune’s in vitro assay services which can be combined to help investigators gain a more complete understanding of relevant immune responses at a molecular level. For more information on ProSentium please visit: www.proimmune.com, email enquiries@www.proimmune.com , or call +1 888 505 7765 in the United States or +44 870 042 7279 inother countries. More on ProSentium™ Notes to Editors: About ProImmune – www.proimmune.com ProImmune’s mission is to be a partner of choice for understanding and managing immune responses. It does this by offering unique solutions for preclinical and clinical immunology research, including a comprehensive and integrated antigen characterization and immunogenicity testing platform, and products and services for tracking specific immune responses. ProImmune is committed to helping researcher’s achieve success through product innovation, responsive service and focused application support, saving time and money, and reducing risk. For more information, please contact At ProImmune: Jeremy Fry Tel: +44 (0) 870 042 7279 Email: enquiries@www.proimmune.com Media enquiries: Sarah Jeffery Zyme Communications Ltd Tel: +44 (0) 7771 730 919 Email: sarah.jeffery@zymecommunications.com USA & Canada, Toll Free: +1 888 505 7765 All other countries: +44 (0)870 042 7279 Distributors Email: enquiries@www.proimmune.com Customer Publications Subscribe to Email Newsletters If you do not wish to receive ProImmune’s email newsletters, email enquiries@www.proimmune.com with ‘unsubscribe’ as the subject. More News 11 Nov 2025 to 13 Nov 2025 PEGS Europe 2025 17 Aug 2025 to 22 Aug 2025 IUIS25 11 Aug 2025 to 14 Aug 2025 International Veterinary Immunology Symposium 16 Jun 2025 to 19 Jun 2025 BIO2025 12 May 2025 to 16 May 2025 PEGS Boston 03 May 2025 to 07 May 2025 AAI 2025 01 Apr 2025 to 02 Apr 2025 Biotrinity 30 Jan 2025 to 30 Jan 2025 BSI CVIG 15 Dec 2024 to 18 Dec 2024 Antibody Engineering & Therapeutics 06 Nov 2024 to 10 Nov 2024 SITC 05 Nov 2024 to 07 Nov 2024 PEGS Europe 23 Oct 2024 to 27 Oct 2024 Federation of Immunological Societies of Asia-Oceania Congress (FIMSA 2024) 15 Oct 2024 to 18 Oct 2024 Immunogenicity Bioassay Summit 09 Oct 2024 to 11 Oct 2024 BioJapan 07 Oct 2024 to 08 Oct 2024 Center for Research on Complex Generics More Events Application of Immunogenicity Prediction and Mitigation for Biotherapeutic Development Timothy Hickling Roche Application of Immunogenicity Prediction and Mitigation for Biotherapeutic Development Dr. Tim Hickling discusses the importance in the application of immunogenicity prediction and mitigation in the production of biotherapeutics. He outlines some of the current methods for predicting immunogenicity and highlights the need for better accuracy in predictions. Understanding SARS-CoV-2 Specific T cell Response During COVID-19 Convalescence Tao Dong University of Oxford Understanding SARS-CoV-2 Specific T cell Response During COVID-19 Convalescence Professor Tao Dong from the University of Oxford discusses her latest work in memory T cell responses in convalescent SARS-CoV-2 patients in the UK, highlighting the information from her publication in Nature Immunology and the use of ProImmune Pro5® Pentamers in her work. Immunogenicity in the Time of COVID-19: Clinical context for reappraisal of immunogenicity of therapeutics proteins Amy Rosenberg FDA Immunogenicity in the Time of COVID-19: Clinical context for reappraisal of immunogenicity of therapeutics proteins Dr. Amy Rosenberg of CDER, FDA discusses the clinical context for the reappraisal of immunogenicity of therapeutic proteins that are being used to treat COVID-19. She highlights the importance of understanding the autoinflammatory or autoimmune response following infection SARS-CoV-2 and its potential to increase immunogenicity to self proteins leading to autoimmune and autoinflammatory disorders. This indicates the high probability that this could lead to higher immunogenicity in patients to therapeutics sued to treat SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell immunity in cases of COVID-19 and SARS, and uninfected controls Nina Le Bert Duke-NUS SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell immunity in cases of COVID-19 and SARS, and uninfected controls Dr. Nina Le Bert from Duke NUS, discusses her recent involvement in the study of SARS-CoV-2 specific T cell immunity, specifically looking at the induction and persistence of T cells using an overlapping peptide library of specific proteins in SARS-CoV-2 to test convalescent patients' IFN-gamma responses to these peptides. Using a cohort of individuals who were infected and recovered in 2003 with SARS, and a similar approach of overlapping peptides from SARS-CoV, she is able to show there are still persistent ex vivo T cell responses. Importantly, she also highlights the cross reactivity of NP peptides from SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. Measuring Host-vs-CAR-T immune responses Priya Sriraman Celgene BMS Measuring Host-vs-CAR-T immune responses CAR-T cells are an engineered T cell therapeutic in which a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) (a foreign protein) is expressed on the surface of autologous T cells. This foreign CAR protein has the potential to elicit immune responses from the host immune system. The immune response could be (a) humoral, resulting in the formation of Anti-CAR antibodies and/or (b) cellular, resulting in the development of cytotoxic T cells that are specific to the CAR-T cell. A host vs CAR-T response may result in (a) the neutralization of the CAR, rendering the CAR-T therapeutic ineffective (b) or result in the CAR-T cells being killed by a cytotoxic T cell response akin to a host vs graft response. This may manifest as lack of persistence of CAR-Ts and as loss of efficacy. There may be other reasons for loss of efficacy, and hence understanding if immunogenicity is the reason for loss of efficacy will be key in determining whether a second dose may be meaningful, the timing of this second dose, the impact of lymphodepletion on immunogenicity etc. Effects of codon optimization on biotherapeutics: Implications for immunogenicity Katerina Alexaki FDA Effects of codon optimization on biotherapeutics: Implications for immunogenicity Katerina describes the process of codon optimization and the role that it plays in a protein's rate of translation, expression and conformational properties. She describes the presence of synonymous mutations in various diseases and the immunogenicity implications relating to those mutations. She uses Factor IX as a model to describe the workflow to generate variants using CoCoPUTs and the evaluation of those variants for protein expression, confirmational differences, peptide presentation and many more attributes. Dissecting Melanoma Neoantigen Immunity Beatriz Carreno University of Pennsylvania Dissecting Melanoma Neoantigen Immunity Beatriz discusses the use of cancer vaccines to transition ‘cold’ tumors in patients to ‘hot’ tumors. The UPenn group used Next Gen Sequencing to catalog tumor mutations and generated autologous dendritic cell vaccines to evaluate the immunogenicity of missense mutations and define the nature of patient T cells specific for melanoma neoantigens. They found that that immunological ignorance of clonal neoantigens is the basis for ineffective T cell immunity to melanoma and that therapeutic vaccination as an adjunct to checkpoint inhibitor treatment, should be considered to increase the breadth and diversity of neoantigen-specific CD8+ T cells. Assessment of MHC class II-restricted epitope prediction in silico Andrea Ferrante Eli Lilly Assessment of MHC class II-restricted epitope prediction in silico Antigen processing and presentation by HLA class II is a complex process and current in silico predictions are not able to account for all the factors involved in immunodominance/immunogenicity as they focus only the binding component of the process. Generation of large training datasets from single HLA class II allele cell-based or cell-free MAPPS-like platforms is enabling development of algorithms for identification of naturally processed ligands. The combination of binding and processing is a more reliable approach to the identification of viable CD4+ T cell epitopes, and to rank molecules. In silico prediction still needs to be part of a more complex immunognicity risk asessment strategy. T Cell Coinhibitory Pathways and Cancer Immunotherapy: Roles of the PD-1 pathway in controlling tolerance & tumor immunity Arlene Sharpe Harvard University T Cell Coinhibitory Pathways and Cancer Immunotherapy: Roles of the PD-1 pathway in controlling tolerance & tumor immunity The immune response plays an important role in fighting cancer; however, the tumor environment is immunosuppressive and limits effective anti-tumor immunity. A new and promising strategy of tumor immunotherapy blocks pathways used by tumors to inhibit anti-tumor immunity. This inhibitory strategy is called checkpoint blockade. One key immunoinhibitory pathway that inhibits tumor specific immunity is the PD-1 co-inhibitory pathway. This pathway consists of the PD-1 receptor and its ligands PD-L1 (B7-H1) and PD-L2 (B7-DC). The PD-1 pathway plays critical roles in maintaining immune control, and is a key mediator of T cell dysfunction (“exhaustion”) in cancer and chronic infections. This pathway is a promising therapeutic target in cancer. The remarkable effects of PD-1 pathway blockade in cancer demonstrate the key role of this pathway in inhibiting anti-tumor immunity. However, there are multiple co-inhibitory pathways that that limit T cell function, and these have become targets for cancer therapy. This talk will discuss the multifaceted immunoregulatory roles of PD-1 and its ligands in controlling T cell activation, tolerance and exhaustion. The role of the PD-1 pathway in cancer as well as therapeutic strategies that combine PD-1 blockade with other therapies also will be discussed. Host microbe interactions in the intestine: new therapeutic strategies in IBD Fiona Powrie University of Oxford Host microbe interactions in the intestine: new therapeutic strategies in IBD The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is home to trillions of commensal bacteria that play an important role in nutrition, immune system development and host defence. In inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a chronic debilitating disease of the gastrointestinal tract, there is a breakdown in the healthy dialogue between our body and our microbial residents resulting in chronic immune attack in the bowel. In this presentation I will review key host and microbial pathways that maintain intestinal homeostasis and discuss how understanding these pathways may provide new therapies for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases. Tregs – ready for the clinic? Ethan Shevach NIAID, NIH Tregs – ready for the clinic? Studies over the past 20 years have clearly defined and extensively characterized Foxp3+ T regulatory cells (Tregs) as major players in the control of most aspects of immune responses as well as playing a potential role in non-immunologic sites (fat, muscle). We are now at a point where studies have been/or will be initiated in the clinic using cellular biotherapy with Tregs, augmentation of Treg numbers/function with IL-2, and modulation of Treg function with small molecules and antibodies. Yet, many factors involved in Treg biology remain poorly studied. I will focus this talk on three key issues: 1) control of Treg homeostasis by TCR and co-stimulatory signals; 2) the role of transcription factors in modifying certain Treg functions; and 3) a critical review of suppressor mechanisms used by polyclonal and antigen-specific Tregs. Antigen-specific tolerance induction: allergy, autoimmunity and anti-drug antibodies David Wraith University of Bristol Antigen-specific tolerance induction: allergy, autoimmunity and anti-drug antibodies Dr. David Wraith, founder of Apitope, describes how peptide immunotherapies can induce antigen-specific desensitization. He describes how the REVEAL binding assay was used to identify pan-allele binding epitopes, which can servce as potential targets for tolerance induction. Assessing and modulating immune responses to AAV vectors in humans Federico Mingozzi University Pierre et Marie Curie Assessing and modulating immune responses to AAV vectors in humans Dr. Federico Mingozzi details the AAV-2 gene therapy model in Phase I/II trial hemophelia patients. He showed that a loss of human FIX expression was associated with expansion of capsid-specific CD8 T cells and demonstrated a dose-dependent T cell activity against the vector. Use of the MHC Associated Peptide Proteomic (MAPPs) assay to understand clinical outcomes associated with the use of Factor VIII in the treatment of Hemophilia A Zuben Sauna FDA Use of the MHC Associated Peptide Proteomic (MAPPs) assay to understand clinical outcomes associated with the use of Factor VIII in the treatment of Hemophilia A The immune response to protein-therapeutics (immunogenicity) is an important safety and efficacy concern during drug development and regulation. Non-clinical assays that can be used in the early stages of clinical development and to identify at-risk individuals and sub-populations in the clinic are an important unmet need. The so-called MHC Associated Peptide Proteomic (MAPPs) assay directly identifies peptides derived from a protein of interest on a donor’s MHC-II proteins. Here we have applied this technique to address several questions related to the use Factor VIII (FVIII) replacement therapy, in the treatment of hemophilia A. Over a dozen FVIII products are marketed but most fall into 3 categories: (i) Purified from human plasma (PD-FVIII). (ii) Full-length FVIII manufactured using recombinant DNA technology (FL-rFVIII). (iii) A truncated, beta-domain deleted rFVIII (BDD-rFVIII). We investigated whether there are differences in the FVIII peptides found on the MHC-II proteins of the same individual when incubated with products from the 3 classes. Our principal findings are as follows: The number of unique FVIII peptides isolated, average length of peptides and range of peptide length were comparable for MHC proteins immunoprecipitated from cells from hemophilia A patients and healthy donors. When cells from the same donor was exposed to FL-rFVIII in the presence and absence of PD-VWF, fewer peptides were recovered in the absence of PD-VWF; FVIII peptides not recovered in the presence of VWF map regions of VWF-FVIII interaction. When dendritic cells from the same donor were incubated with FL-rFVIII or PD-FVII (both in the presence of PD-VWF); fewer FVIII peptides were recovered from the PD-FVIII. The peptides not recovered in the PD-FVIII did not map to the locations of FVIII-VWF interactions. For each donor, FVIII peptides identified by the MAPPs assay exhibited affinities for that donor’s MHC variants which was orders of magnitude higher than the affinities of all overlapping peptides from FVIII and VWF, or when compared to a million random peptides obtained from the human proteome. Zuben Sauna is a Principal Investigator and a Reviewer at the US Food and Drug Administration. His research interests lie in understanding the pharmacogenetic basis of the immune response to proteins used in therapeutic interventions as these affect efficacy and safety. His laboratory exploits a combination of computational, in vitro and ex vivo approaches to understand why some individuals and/or sub-populations develop immune responses while others do not. His work has published extensively in high impact journals such as Nature Biotechnology, Nature Medicine, Science, Science Translational Medicine and Nature Reviews Genetics. He received his Ph.D. from Poona University, India with subsequent training at the National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, USA. Short-term therapeutic intervention for the harnessing of tolerance mechanisms Herman Waldmann University of Oxford Short-term therapeutic intervention for the harnessing of tolerance mechanisms Dr. Herman Waldmann reviews the mechanisms of tolerance induction and discusses strategies to evoke tolerance to immunogenic antibodies. Use of Oncolytic Parvoviruses in the treatment of malignant gliomas Jean Rommelaere DKFZ Use of Oncolytic Parvoviruses in the treatment of malignant gliomas Accumulated evidence gathered in the last three decades demonstrated that some members of the Parvoviridae family, belonging in particular to the species Rodent protoparvovirus, have natural antineoplastic activity in cell culture and animal models, and that human tumor cells can be targets for this activity. In an immunocompetent rat glioma model, the H-1 parvovirus (H-1PV) was able to efficiently cure gliomas while raising an antitumor memory immune response. This oncosuppressive effect was observed after virus administration through intratumoral, intravenous and intranasal routes, and appeared to rely on both the direct oncolytic activity of H-1PV, and its handover to the host immune system. The parvovirus was also capable of inducing the regression of human glioma xenografts in immunodeficient rats. These studies have laid the foundations for the launch of a first phase I/IIa clinical trial in which H-1PV is currently undergoing evaluation for its safety and first signs of efficacy in patients with recurrent resectable glioblastoma multiforme progressing in spite of conventional therapies (ParvOryx01 trial). While no clinical conclusions, besides safety, can be drawn at this stage from the trial, there are intriguing laboratory measurements in resected tumors and patients’ blood. Immunohistochemical and FISH analyses provided evidence for virus efficiency in crossing the blood-brain barrier, spreading throughout the tumor and getting expressed in tumor tissues. The possible impact of these direct viral effects on the tumor fate has to be balanced against evidence of immune infiltration and vascular disruption in infected tumors, and of systemic immune responses in treated patients. Specificity & phenotype of pre-existing T cells against therapeutic proteins Bernard Maillere CEA Specificity & phenotype of pre-existing T cells against therapeutic proteins Bernard Maillère is currently director of research and head of the laboratory of immunochemistry of the cellular immune response at Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), a French Governmental Research organism. His works mainly deal with the prediction of immunogenicity and identification of T cell epitopes in humans. Bernard is currently workpackage leader of the European IMI project ABIRISK dedicated to immunogenicity of therapeutic proteins Potent cellular and humoral immunogenicity of a pre-erythrocytic viral vectored malaria vaccine in Afrian infants and children Katie Ewer University of Oxford Potent cellular and humoral immunogenicity of a pre-erythrocytic viral vectored malaria vaccine in Afrian infants and children Mastering Immunogenicity in Biologics Development Jeremy Fry ProImmune Mastering Immunogenicity in Biologics Development Integrated platforms can be used to mitigate immunogenicity risk and characterize immune responses during the drug design and development stages. ProImmune offers mutational activity mapping for optimal protein design, DC-T/T cell proliferation assays for biologic lead selection/optimization, a Mass Spectrometry assay for characterization of antigen presentation; HLA-peptide binding assays to characterize individual epitopes & undiluted whole blood cytokine storm assays. Optimizing Adoptive Cell Therapies Marcus Butler Princess Margaret Cancer Centre Optimizing Adoptive Cell Therapies Dr. Butler is Assistant Professor at the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre Tumor Immunotherapy Programme where is he is the Clinical Head of the Immune Monitoring Team. Before joining he was an Instructor in Medicine at Harvard Medical School and Clinical Fellow in Medicine at the Dana Farber Cancer Institute. Dr. Butler’s expertise includes clinical trials in a variety of immune therapies including adoptive T cell therapy and checkpoint blockade. Immunogenicity Risk Assessment Tool Box for Biologics Drug Development Jochem Gokemeijer Bristol-Myers Squibb Immunogenicity Risk Assessment Tool Box for Biologics Drug Development Immunogenicity of biologics in the clinic has the potential to cause severer sequela and alter or neutralize efficacy resulting in exposing patients to risk and terminated development programs. Pre-clinical risk assessment utilizing orthogonal methods has made it possible to prioritize drug candidates with a decreased immunogenicity risk or utilize protein engineering o reduce immunogenicity risk. Here we will present the immunogenicity tool box utilized at Bristol Myers Squibb to pre-clinically minimize immunogenicity risk. Jochem Gokemeijer has been working at Bristol Myers Squibb for 15 years in Immunogenicity and biologics drug discovery. Before that he was involved in two alternative scaffold biotech companies Phylos and Adnexus Therapeutics. Jochem did his undergraduate work in the Netherlands and graduate work at the Dana Farber Cancer Institute. Direct visualisation of Ag-specific CD4+ T cells: insights from class II tetramers Paul Moss University of Birmingham Direct visualisation of Ag-specific CD4+ T cells: insights from class II tetramers Dr. Paul Moss describes the CD8 and CD4 T cell immune responses to CMV infection. He describes the importance of Class II Tetramers to better understand the interplay of a chronic infection and immune control. Epitope identification and clinical immune monitoring in Gene Therapy and Immuno-Oncology programs Emilee Knowlton ProImmune Epitope identification and clinical immune monitoring in Gene Therapy and Immuno-Oncology programs Dr. Emilee Knowlton of ProImmune describes the tools for epitope discovery and immune monitoring, providing case studies and considerations for both pre-clinical and clinical B cell selection and survival: First order considerations for immunogenicity Michael Cancro University of Pennsylvania B cell selection and survival: First order considerations for immunogenicity Competition for limited, cell extrinsic survival factors is a general feature of the peripheral selection checkpoints involved in B lymphocyte maturation, activation and memory. Perhaps the best-characterized example involves BLyS family cytokines and receptors, which governs survival and differentiation within B cell subsets. Discovery of the BLyS cytokine and receptor family has proven a watershed event, significantly advancing our understanding of B lymphocyte selection and homeostasis. This family includes two ligands, BLyS (also termed BAFF) and APRIL; as well as three receptors, BR3 (also termed BAFFr), TACI, and BCMA. Members of this molecular family play critical roles in maintaining immunological tolerance, by impacting selection and survival in nearly all B cell subsets. Cells in the transitional and mature, pre-immune B lineage subsets rely on BLyS signals via the BR3 receptor for survival. In contrast to tolerogenic elimination at the BM immature B cell stage, the transitional checkpoint displays plasticity by integrating BCR-mediated selection with BLyS-mediated peripheral B cell homeostasis. Thus, when BLyS levels are elevated, transitional selection is “relaxed,” so that B cells that would normally be negatively selected instead survive to join mature naïve pools. Mounting, evidence suggests analogous competitive checkpoints for both germinal center B cells and plasma cells. In contrast to pre-immune pools, B cells in recently activated and antigen-experienced subsets shift their BLyS receptor profiles and hence their ligand reliance. For example, short-lived antibody-forming cells adopt a TACI dominated BLyS receptor signature, whereas germinal center (GC) B cells profoundly down-regulate TACI but retain BR3. The lack of TACI on GC B cells leads to a paucity of retained BLyS in the GC, such that the sole local source of BLyS in the GC is the TFH cell. Moreover, BLyS expression by GC TFH is crucial for appropriate GC evolution, since efficient affinity maturation fails if T cells are BLyS deficient. Finally, long-lived plasma cell pools express BCMA, shifting reliance to APRIL. Considered together, these observations suggest that deliberately altering BLyS levels might be a means for manipulating B cell repertoire selection in order to (1) restore self-tolerance in autoimmunity, (2) remodel the repertoire to accommodate neo-self antigens introduced through biologicals, transplantation and gene therapy, or (3) temporarily expand B cell repertoire diversity to reveal novel, therapeutically useful specificities. De novo generation of tumor specific T cell responses utilizing a novel oncology driven delivery platform Marianne Stanford Immunovaccine De novo generation of tumor specific T cell responses utilizing a novel oncology driven delivery platform The central role of T cell responses to clinical successes in immuno-oncology has been well appreciated, yet few technologies have been designed to exclusively generate effective and sustained T cell responses in vivo. The DPX platform is a unique oil based formulation that entraps its components and facilitates active uptake by antigen presenting cells at the site of injection. This unique presentation to the immune system results in robust and sustained T cell responses. The lead clinical product, DPX-Survivac, employs the DPX platform to induce T cells targeting the shared tumor associated antigen survivin, which is overexpressed in many human malignancies. DPX-Survivac has been demonstrated to induce high levels of circulating, polyfunctional T cell responses to survivin in clinical studies of advanced ovarian cancer patients, and some of these responses have been associated with an ability to mediate tumour regression. Preclinical and clinical data have supported combining this T cell targeting treatment with other immuno-oncology agents, such as checkpoint inhibitors. Identification and Characterization of Hepatitis B Virus-Specific T cells Lea Bartsch Massachusetts General Hospital Identification and Characterization of Hepatitis B Virus-Specific T cells Dr Lea Bartsch from Massachusetts General Hospital discusses her work with HBV, in trying to better the understanding of the immunological alterations in order to improve treatment strategies for HBV infection. She highlights the use of ProImmune’s custom ProT2 Class II Tetramers in tracking HBV antigen specific CD4 T cells to validate new HBV epitopes and analyze the different CD4 T cell responses in chronic vs. acute infections. Tumor reactive T cell functional programming in human cancer Kellie Smith Johns Hopkins Tumor reactive T cell functional programming in human cancer Dr. Kellie Smith from Johns Hopkins, discusses her group's global study of the associations of neoantigen specific T cell responses with clinical outcomes to checkpoint blockades in cancer. The talk outlines the use of their MANAFEST T cell receptor sequencing technology, and by sequencing the CDR3 region, they are able to track clones that recognise the same antigen of interest. Showing that with lower clonality there is an association with higher residual tumour burden in patients. Pro5 Pentamers are also shown being used as an accurate way to validate their findings, by using them to track the neoantigen specific CD8 T cells. She also highlights the use of single cell RNA-seq in determining the phenotype of the clones in responding and non-responding patients. Tracking Dynamic Changes in Tumour Infiltrating Lymphocytes David Withers University of Birmingham Tracking Dynamic Changes in Tumour Infiltrating Lymphocytes Professor David Withers from the University of Birmingham discusses his recent work in tracking dynamic changes of lymphocytes within tumours, to understand and characterise the phenotype of cells entering, leaving and being retained in the tumour through the use of the transgenic Kaede Photoconvertible mouse model. He also discusses the use of Single Cell RNA-seq to capture the heterogeneity within the tumour infiltrating lymphocyte population, and describing the use of ProImmune Pro5® Pentamers to track tumour neo-antigen specific CD8 T cells. Harnessing Endogenous Antiviral T cell Responses for Control of Cancer Hilario Ramos Molecular Templates Harnessing Endogenous Antiviral T cell Responses for Control of Cancer Hilario Ramos, Molecular Templates, discusses the use of Egineer Toxin Bodies (EBTs) – molecules with an antibody domain for targeting that is genetically fused to a de-immunized Shiga-like toxin A subunit which drives apoptotic cell death. These molecules can drive cell death by apoptosis, and Hilario discusses novel uses for EBTs of delivering antigenic peptides to tumours, in a novel way to make the tumour cells visible to the immune system. Hilario highlights the use of ProImmune's Pro5® MHC Class I Pentamers in tracking Antigen Specific CMV CD8 T cells in order to help build their CTL models. Syntekabio Bio's Use of Genomic Big Data in Neoantigen Prediction and Discovery Yeojun Yun Syntekabio Syntekabio Bio's Use of Genomic Big Data in Neoantigen Prediction and Discovery Dr. Yeojun Yun discusses Synteka Bio's NEOscan™, a neoantigen prediction algorithm used to improve the selection and prioritization of neoantigens for inclusion in cancer therapies. Precision Medicine in Transplanation-Immune monitoring for the discrimination of GVHD, rejection and CMV infection Christine Falk Medizinische Hochschule Precision Medicine in Transplanation-Immune monitoring for the discrimination of GVHD, rejection and CMV infection Christine Falk graduated in Biology at the Ludwig-Maximilians-University in Munich and performed her PhD thesis at the Institute for Immunology at LMU Munich (director G. Riethmüller) in the laboratory of D.J. Schendel on autoimmunity and the regulation of NK-like T cells and NK cells. As a postdoctoral fellow at the new Institute of Molecular Immunology (director D.J. Schendel) at the Helmholtz Center for Environment and Health (GMGU), she studied recognition of virus-infected cells and tumor cells by T and NK cells. As senior postdoctoral fellow and head of the research group “Immune Monitoring” at the German Cancer Research Center DKFZ in Heidelberg from 2006 until 2010, she was working on the microenviroment of solid tumors and its impact on tumor recognition by T and NK cells. In her current position since 2010, she is head of the Institute of Transplant Immunology, IFB-Tx, at Hannover Medical School MHH where she has established an immune monitoring laboratory investigating adaptive and innate immune responses in the context of stem cell as well as solid organ transplantation, in particular lung, heart, liver and kidney transplantation. The addition of transplant immunology to her former field of tumor immunology is reflected by focusing on common immunological mechanisms for rejection of both tumors and allografts that may open new perspectives for immunological interventions to achieve tumor rejection on one hand and on the other hand, immunological tolerance, the ultimate goal of solid organ transplantation Phosphopeptide NeoAntigens for Tumor Immunity: Novel therapeutic options Mark Exley Agenus Phosphopeptide NeoAntigens for Tumor Immunity: Novel therapeutic options In cancer cells, the disruption of normal biochemical signaling results in aberrant post-translational modifications, including protein phosphorylation. These mis-phosphorylated proteins can be processed into antigenic peptides by the cellular machinery, resulting in presentation of this novel type of antigen on MHC molecules. PhosphoSynVax is Agenus’s third heat-shock protein-based vaccine platform. PhosphoSynVax is designed to induce immunity against this novel class of phospho-neo-epitopes specific to malignant cells of multiple donors in various cancer types. Based on mass-spectrometry and bio-informatic approaches, we have a library of proprietary phosphopeptide tumor target antigens from different cancers, including lung cancer, specific leukemias, ovarian cancer, colon cancer and others. This approach may enhance immune system recognition of phospho-neo-epitopes, leading to the destruction of cancer cells in various patients across cancer types. Heterologous prime-boost approaches to CD8+ T cell induction Tom Evans Vaccitech Heterologous prime-boost approaches to CD8+ T cell induction The ability to clear many intracellular infections is likely to require a consorted immune response that includes CD8+ T cells. Although a large number of approaches have been taken to generating such responses in humans, achieving the magnitude and functionality of natural viral infections has been difficult. The most promising approach published to date is to employ a heterologous prime-boost, usually using two replicating or non-replicating viral vectors. The Jenner Institute has extensively used a replication-deficient adenovirus followed by a replication-deficient pox virus, and achieve ELISPOT levels of balanced CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the many thousands of spot forming units per million PBMCs. Vaccitech has in-licensed programs based on the use of this strategy to control chronic HBV and chronic HPV. The progress of these programs will be discussed. Next Generation approaches to enhance the efficacy of SPEAR T-cells Jonathan Silk Adaptimmune Next Generation approaches to enhance the efficacy of SPEAR T-cells Jonathan Silk is the Head of Cell Research at Adaptimmune (www.adaptimmune.com), a biotechnology company located in Abingdon and Stevenage, UK, and Philadelphia, PA, USA. Adaptimmune is a world leader in the TCR T-cell therapy space, utilizing engineered Specific Enhanced Affinity T-cell receptor-expressing T-cells (SPEAR T-cells) to target both solid and hematologic cancer types. Jonathan and his team are investigating Next Generation SPEAR T-cells, to improve the function of T-cells for adoptive T-cell therapy, including overcoming immune-resistance mechanisms. Jonathan received his BSc in Biochemistry from the University of Kent at Canterbury (UK), with an industrial placement at Merck Sharp and Dohme (Harlow, UK). He obtained a PhD in Immunology studying at the MRC Clinical Sciences Centre (Imperial College London, UK). Subsequently he worked with Professor Vincenzo Cerundolo at the University of Oxford, UK, as a Post-doctoral Scientist, developing a number of cancer immunotherapy research programmes including the use of ligands for invariant NKT-cells as adjuvants and investigating mechanisms of tumour escape. Format and Interpretation of a Drug Tolerant Approach for Measuring Circulating Immune Complex and Free Anti-Drug Antibodies in Preclinical Studies Rodd Polsky GSK Format and Interpretation of a Drug Tolerant Approach for Measuring Circulating Immune Complex and Free Anti-Drug Antibodies in Preclinical Studies Rodd Polsky is an Investigator responsible for immunogenicity assay development within the Bioanalysis, Immunogenicity and Biomarkers organization at GlaxoSmithKline. Rodd received his Bachelor’s degree in Biology from Drexel University. Since that time, Rodd has spent the past 25 years providing preclinical and clinical immunogenicity support, including assay and study design, development, validation, and study support for the detection of anti-drug antibodies against therapeutic proteins. Neo-antigenic potential of chromosomal rearrangements in mesothelioma Aaron Mansfield Mayo Clinic Neo-antigenic potential of chromosomal rearrangements in mesothelioma Dr. Aaron Mansfield of Mayo Clinic Cancer Center discusses the current immunotherapy treatments for patients with mesothelioma, the relatively low tumour mutation burden in those patients and alternatives to non-synonymous point mutations as sources of neo-anitgens. The use of ProImmune REVEAL technology allowed him to compare the MHC binding scores of selected peptides from chromosomal rearrangements, of usually non-coding DNA to discover if any of these peptides were neo-antigenic. The Challenge of Measuring Antigenic Diversity Karen Anderson Arizona State University The Challenge of Measuring Antigenic Diversity Karen discusses how to measure antigenic diversity of B and T cell immune responses and how the structural components of those antigens drive immunogenicity. She describes technologies such as custom protein-peptide microarrays to detect antibodies; a mass spec based program called MHC TreASUre Hunt for immune peptidome discovery; and Molecular Dynamic Modeling to model peptide MHC interactions based on existing crystal structures to help develop computational systems to predict TCR. Implementation of risk assessment outputs to drive clinical immunogenicity strategy and regulatory filing-related activities Vibha Jawa Merck and Co. Implementation of risk assessment outputs to drive clinical immunogenicity strategy and regulatory filing-related activities Vibha discusses a proactive risk based approach to assessing immunogenicity in early development. She describes a suite of in silico risk assessment tools in combination with in vitro methods to evaluate immunogenicity or product attributes and how, when used in combination, those methods can reduce false positive identification. The stages of when to implement and report the data from the risk assessment tools is described as well as the current challenges the FDA reviewers face when evaluating the data package. Detailed Characterization of Immune Bio-Markers in Cancer Patients Rao Prabhala Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Detailed Characterization of Immune Bio-Markers in Cancer Patients Rao describes Multiple Myeloma, a plasma cell cancer and the biomarkers that can be used to classify and monitor the immune response through the progression of the disease. They Harvard group looked at myeloid derived suppressor cells, plasmacytoid DC, T-regulatory cells, TH17 cells and B cell subpopulations in the interrogation of the cancer. There was a humoral immunity deficiency, increased PD1 expression on effector cells and increased levels of PDL1 expression detected in the multiple myeloma patients. Using peptide-based assays to improve the laboratory diagnosis of Lyme disease Paul Arnaboldi New York Medical College Using peptide-based assays to improve the laboratory diagnosis of Lyme disease Paul discusses the challenges facing the identification and diagnosis of Lyme disease. He describes the life cycle stages of the carrier, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato species, as well as the incidence and transmission of Lyme disease in the United States. There are differential expressions of antigenic surface proteins that occur due to bacterial transcriptional changes and throughout the course of the disease. Highly reactive serum was screened for responses against 21 different proteins using 80 overlapping peptides in the ProArray Ultra linear B cell epitope mapping tool to improve the specificity and accuracy of current diagnostic methods. Antiviral T cells derived from the naïve population for patients post-transplant Patrick Hanley Childrens National Hospital Antiviral T cells derived from the naïve population for patients post-transplant Patrick describes the Children’s National cellular therapy program for treating viral infections following transplant surgeries. He discussed the generation of donor-derived virus specific T cells from cord using either an adenoviral vector or peptide mixes and the recognition of atypical epitopes by these cells. The team has treated over 80 patients with virus specific T cells with between 70-80% response rate. HLA-E restricted peptides control natural killer responses Quirin Hammer Karolinska Institute HLA-E restricted peptides control natural killer responses Sequence variations in CMV UL40-derived peptides control NK activation through HLA-E presentation. CD1d-restricted T cells in patients wth oesophageal cancer Derek Doherty Trinity College Dublin CD1d-restricted T cells in patients wth oesophageal cancer Oesophageal cancer (OC) causes over 0.5 million deaths worldwide each year. Current therapeutic regimens focus on chemo-radiotherapy prior to surgery, however, only 20-30% of patients respond to treatment. Therefore, new treatments are badly needed. Natural killer T (NKT) cells are innate T cells that recognize lipid antigens presented by CD1d molecules. We enumerated circulating NKT cells in OC patients and control subjects by flow cytometry using monoclonal antibodies and CD1d tetramers loaded with glycolipid antigens. This allowed for the detection of invariant NKT cells, which possess invariant T cell receptor (TCR) α-chains reactive with α-galactosylceramide and mediate anti-tumour immunity in mice and humans, as well as novel NKT cells that recognise other glycolipids. We found that invariant NKT cells were depleted and functionally-impaired in patients with OC. In contrast, NKT cells reactive against sulfatide and tetramyristoyl-cardiolipin (TCL) were present in significantly higher numbers in OC patients compared to controls. Most of these cells expressed γδ TCRs, specifically the Vδ1 subset. TCL induced the production of transforming growth factor-β by expanded Vδ1 T cells in vitro in a CD1d dependant manner. Supernatants of Vδ1 T cells activated with sulfatide or TCL inhibited degranulation by invariant NKT cells. These data suggest that invariant NKT cells protect against OC but other CD1d-restricted NKT cells may promote tumorigenesis in these patients. These findings have important implications for cellular therapies involving invariant NKT cells, which are currently being tested in clinical trials for multiple cancer types. Characterisation of novel antibodies which are completely silenced with respect to Fc binding function Geoff Hale mAbsolve Characterisation of novel antibodies which are completely silenced with respect to Fc binding function For forty years, I’ve been researching therapeutic antibodies with a particular interest in effector functions of the Fc region. With Herman Waldmann and Greg Winter, I took several of the early engineered antibodies into the clinic. We realised that activation of immune effector systems is not always desirable, but found that mutations designed to reduce binding to Fc receptors (e.g. ‘LALA’, aglycosyl) were not completely effective. At mAbsolve we have screened hundreds of new variants and identified some which are completely devoid of binding to Fc receptors. Receptor binding is one thing, but cellular activity is more important. The modest binding levels of previous variants translated to quite substantial cellular activity, but our new variants remained completely negative. The risk of unwanted immunogenicity is always a concern when proteins are modified, but the variants gave no increased risk signals either in silico or in vitro. The optimised Fc variant is comparable with wild type IgG for binding to FcRn, stability and manufacturability and is available for licensing. T cell responses to the Oxford / AZ COVID-19 vaccine in UK clinical trials Katie Ewer University of Oxford T cell responses to the Oxford / AZ COVID-19 vaccine in UK clinical trials Katie Ewer is Associate Professor and Senior Immunologist at the Jenner Institute, University of Oxford where she leads a program of exploratory immunology studying vaccine-induced immunity to malaria and outbreak pathogens, such as Ebola, MERS and now SARS-CoV-2. A key aim of her research is focused on characterizing T cell responses induced by vaccination with viral vectors. During the COVID-19 pandemic, she played a pivotal role in the clinical trials in an effort to find a vaccine, which has led to the successful roll-out of the first approved SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, ChAdOx1 in partnership with AstraZeneca in December 2020. In this talk she explains how the vaccine was developed in record-breaking time, the characterisation of the immune responses to the vaccine and the forthcoming challenges still faced including the question of booster doses, manufacturing and supply and how we respond to the next inevitable pandemic. SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells in infection & vaccination: their protective role Nina Le Bert Duke-NUS SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells in infection & vaccination: their protective role In this talk we learn how quantity and early induction of virus-sepcfici T cells is directly associated with mild disease; how higher functionality of SARS-CoV-2 specific T cells is found in assymptomatic cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection and how how early detection of SARS-CoV-2 specific T cells correlates with the the onset of vaccine efficacy. Nina Le Bert is currently a Senior Research Fellow in the Emerging Infectious Diseases Programme of DUKE-NUS Medical School in Singapore. She earned her Master of Science degree at the Free University of Berlin in Germany, and her PhD from the University College London UK in 2011, working in the field of human innate and adaptive immunity. In 2014, she joined Professor Antonio Bertoletti’s lab, where she is investigating the virus-specific B and T cell responses during Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection to better understand their role in protection and/or liver pathology. Since the outbreak of the COVID19 pandemic, she is involved in studies of SARS-CoV-2 specific T cells. Phenotypes and functions of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells Eui Cheol Shin KAIST Phenotypes and functions of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells In this talk we learn that SARS-CoV-2-specific PD-1+CD8+ T cells are not exhausted, but functional; that they are sustained for at least 8 months, as well as learning about the development of SARS-CoV-2-specific stem cell-like memory T cells (TSCM). Eui-Cheol Shin received his M.D. (1996) and Ph.D. (2001) from Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea, and his postdoctoral training from National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Then he joined Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea in 2007, where he is currently a professor. His laboratory, the Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, focuses on the research of T cell responses in human viral disease and cancer. Study of adaptive responses to SARS CoV2 Alessandro Sette University of California, La Jolla Institute for Immunology Study of adaptive responses to SARS CoV2 In this presentation, Dr. Sette provides evidence that there are robust CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses detected in uncomplicated SARS-CoV-2 convalescent cases; that reactivity is reproducibly detected in non-exposed subjects; specific CD4 and CD8 T cells targets in COVID-19 patients were identified; in acute and severe infection it appears that the speed of the adaptive response is key to protective immunity; that T cell responses are durable over at least 8 months and that there is negligible impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants on T cell responses. Alessandro Sette has devoted more than 35 years in biotech and academia to understanding and measuring immune responses, and developing disease intervention strategies against cancer, autoimmunity, allergy, and infectious diseases. Dr. Sette’s laboratory is the world leader in the study of the specific structures, called epitopes, that the immune system recognizes. Dr. Sette has overseen the design and curation efforts of the national Immune Epitope Database (IEDB), a freely available, widely used bioinformatics resource. The IEDB catalogs all epitopes for humans and experimental animals for allergens, infectious diseases, autoantigens and transplants, and includes epitope prediction tools to accelerate immunology research around the world. Dr. Sette’s lab uses knowledge of epitopes to define the hallmarks of a beneficial immune response associated with effective vaccines, as opposed to immune responses that are ineffective or that cause harm. The laboratory’s infectious disease interests include SARS CoV2, dengue, Zika Chikungunya, herpesviruses, poxviruses, lassa fever, HIV and hepatitis viruses, and bacterial pathogens such as tuberculosis and bordetella pertussis. Our investigations outside infectious disease include allergic asthma and Parkinson’s disease. Dr. Sette is a Doctor in Biological Sciences from the University of Rome and did postdoctoral work at the National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicine in Denver, Colorado. In 1988, Dr. Sette joined the newly founded company Cytel, in La Jolla, and was also appointed adjunct assistant professor at The Scripps Research Institute. He founded Epimmune in 1997, where he served both as Vice President of Research and Chief Scientific Officer until 2002, when he joined LJI as Head of the Division of Vaccine Discovery. He also heads the Center for Infectious Disease at LJI. SARS CoV-2 Expert Symposium: Discussion Panel 1 Eui-Cheol Shin, Nina Le Bert, Tao Dong, Yanchung Peng SARS CoV-2 Expert Symposium: Discussion Panel 1 Questions addressed by the expert panelists include: 1. As viral immunologists you have all rapidly moved from your own area of expertise to characterising the immune response to SARS-CoV-2. What has most surprised and intrigued you in the study of the virus? 2. If SARS-CoV-2 variants totally evade vaccine-induced neutralising antibodies, can vaccine-induced memory T cells still contribute to host protection? 3. What insights do you have regarding the immune response in the context of re-infection of the same or different variants? Our sincere thanks to the expert panel for their contribution: Prof. Eui-Cheol Shin (KAIST, Korea) Dr. Nina Le Bert (Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore) Prof. Tao Dong (University of Oxford, UK) Dr. Yanchun Peng (University of Oxford, UK) Antibody responses to viral-vectored coronavirus vaccines Amy Flaxman University of Oxford Antibody responses to viral-vectored coronavirus vaccines Dr Amy Flaxman is part of the Oxford Vaccine Group, Jenner Institute, University of Oxford. For her post-doctoral research she has worked on both pre-clinical studies developing vaccines for outbreak pathogens, such as Ebola, and clinical trials for outbreak pathogens, including MERS and Ebola. She is currently investigating immune responses to the Oxford ChAdOx1-nCoV vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 that was in Phase III clinical trials but is now approved. She leads the lab team carrying out antibody testing post-vaccination. Here, she is interested in the differences in antibody responses induced over time with different doses of vaccine, in different age groups and how this changes with administration of a booster vaccine. The role of antigen-specific T cell responses in SARS-CoV-2 infection Yanchun Peng University of Oxford The role of antigen-specific T cell responses in SARS-CoV-2 infection Yanchun Peng is a senior Postdoctoral researcher working at the Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford. After completing her undergraduate studies and then teaching in China, she moved the UK, first working as a research assistant, then completing her DPhil and remaining as a Postdoc in the research group led by Prof. Tao Dong since 2005. She has acquired extensive experience and skills in human T cell immunology with the major focus of her research being on evaluating anti-viral efficacy of virus-specific T cells and the interaction of host and virus in HIV infection, HIV/HCV co-infection and influenza infection. Her recent interest is to study the Viral OncoProtein(VOP) and tumor Specific Protein(TSP) specific T cell responses in virus associated cancer (ie HBV/HCC; EBV/NPC and HPV/CC) by combining cutting edge technologies (such as multi-colour Flow cytometry, Mass Cytometry (CyTOF), single cell RNASeq with SmartSeq 2 and 10X Chromium) with my expertise in isolating, expanding and characterising virus/tumor-specific T cells in vitro. Being equipped with these well-established platforms, skills and knowledge in human T cell immunology, she swiftly switched my work from cancer to COVID-19, as the pandemic started in 2020: exploring the role of SARS-CoV-2 -specific T cells in COVID-19 infection. Understanding and navigating the immune responses to CRISPR-associated nuclease Cas9 Zuben Sauna FDA Understanding and navigating the immune responses to CRISPR-associated nuclease Cas9 Since the early days of the development of the CRISPR Cas9 gene editing technology there have been sporadic speculations that immune responses to Cas9 (which is of microbial origin) could have consequences for clinical applications. Since late last year, three studies have presented experimental evidence for T- and B-cell responses to Cas9. These results have prompted considerable commentary, in both the scientific and popular press, marking Cas9-immunogenicity as a major obstacle to bringing CRISPR genome-editing to the clinic. The studies on Cas9 immunogenicity have brought attention to a critical element in the eventual clinical application of Cas9-mediated gene editing. In this presentation I will provide results of recent studies using a broad array of assays including ELISAs to detect anti-Cas9 antibodies, T-cell proliferation assays to identify immune-hot spots on Cas9 and MHC Associated Peptide Proteomics. The experimental data demonstrate the need for fit-for-purpose assays, statistical methods and reagents that will be necessary for obtaining data that is sufficiently reliable to make decisions for drug development and licensure. The broad outline of my presentation is as follow: • Unique challenges while assessing the immunogenicity risk to Cas9 • The need of validated reproducible assays that are fit-for-purpose • The need for well characterized reagents and for controlling contaminants and impurities • Model systems for evaluating the immunogenicity of Cas9 More Conference Videos Ankyrons: The future of target-binding reagents beyond antibodies Ankyrons: The future of target-binding reagents beyond antibodies Ankyrons™ are next-generation target binding reagents provided by ProImmune that overcome many of the current constraints of research antibodies. They are highly stable recombinant single-domain binders that can be directly labelled or detected via an epitope or biotin tag. Ankyrons can be engineered to combine them with further Ankyron or other domains much more easily than even recombinant Antibodies. Unlike Antibodies, Ankyrons are never made in animals and do not have isotypes or any species origin. ProScern®: DC-T Cell Proliferation Assay ProScern®: DC-T Cell Proliferation Assay ProMap®: Naïve T Cell Proliferation Assay ProMap®: Naïve T Cell Proliferation Assay ProImmune REVEAL and ProVE® ProImmune REVEAL and ProVE® Dr Jeremy Fry provides a summary of ProImmune’s REVEAL and ProVE® service, the rapid epitope discovery system. Pro5® MHC Pentamers Pro5® MHC Pentamers Charlotte Thompson provides an overview of the Pro5 Pentamer technology and the benefits of using MHC pentamers to detect specific CD8 T Cell populations in your research. HLA Tissue Typing HLA Tissue Typing Dr Briana Betz explains the importance of understanding the HLA types of your study cohort, and how ProImmune can help you. ProPresent® – ProImmune’s Antigen Presentation Assay ProPresent® – ProImmune’s Antigen Presentation Assay Dr Nikolai Schwabe introduces the ProPresent antigen presentation assay and some of its applications in the field of immunogenicity. The Finance of Immunogenicity The Finance of Immunogenicity Managing immunogenicity risk should be a core focus in drug development. ProImmune’s CEO Nik Schwabe explains why. ProStorm® Cytokine Release Assay ProStorm® Cytokine Release Assay ProT2® MHC Class II Tetramers: Detecting Antigen-specific CD4+ T cells ProT2® MHC Class II Tetramers: Detecting Antigen-specific CD4+ T cells More Podcasts Pentamer Handbook thinkpeptides Peptide Ebook People We Work With Clients Case Studies Testimonials Publications More Clients Other Viral diseases Other Viral diseases Defence Science and Technology Laboratories, UK The Human Side of Counter-Bioterrorism: T Cell Proliferation Assays Validate Humanization of an anti-VEEV Antibody Gene Olinger, USAMRIID ProImmune’s Antigen Characterization Platform Accelerates Development of a Vaccine for Ebola and Marburg Viruses Giovanna Rappocciolo, University of Pittsburgh ProImmune’s REVEAL & ProVE® Rapid Epitope Discovery System Validates Novel Epitopes Important for CD8+ T Cell Control of Human Herpesvirus 8 Andre Oliveira, University College Dublin ProImmune REVEAL and ProVE® Used to Identify First HTLV-2 MHC Class I Epitope Pim van der Heiden, Leiden University Medical Center Discovery of First VZV HLA-A2 Epitope, Using ProImmune REVEAL & ProVE® Technology Allergy Allergy Katharina Steinitz, Baxter, Austria What causes adverse reactions to Factor VIII treatment? Julio Delgado, University of Utah The Who How and Why of Seafood Allergy, using ProImmune’s Antigen Characterization Platform T cell Assays for Allergenicity Testing: How do Functionally Similar Proteins Compare in their Immunogenicity? Autoimmunity Autoimmunity Dolores Jaraquemada, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Grave’s Disease Peptides are Characterized using ProImmune Class II REVEAL Binding Assay Philippe Blancou, INSERM Identification of New Epitopes in Type 1 DiabetesLena Israelsson, Karolinska Institute Defining Autoantibody Binding to Citrullinated Target Proteins in Rheumatoid Arthritis using Peptide Arrays Kaare Engkilde, University of Copenhagen Mouse CD1d Tetramers Used to Correlate NKT Cell Activity with Protection from Type 1 Diabetes Damien Bresson, LIAI Research Into Type I Diabetes Therapy Makes use of PEPscreen® Technology Terrance O’Hanlon, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Invited Editorial: Epitope Discovery for Inflammatory Myopathy Treatment More Autoimmunity Publications Citing ProImmune Cancer Cancer Immunovaccine Inc, Nova Scotia, Canada Liposomes deliver an immune hit to cancer cells Marcus Butler, Dana Farber Cancer Centre Killer T Cells Trained for Long-lasting Anti-Cancer Effects John Webb, British Columbia Cancer Agency High-grade Ovarian Cancer: MHC Pentamers are Used to Investigate Immunotherapy Prospects Ingerid Abrahamsen, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo Allogeneic T Cells May Be Targeted to B Cell LeukemiaErlend Stronen, Radiumhospitalet Oslo Pentamers Identify Allo-restricted T Cells in Study to Advance Research Into Cancer Immunotherapy Richard Harrop, Oxford Biomedica Novel Epitope Detection in Phase II Trial for Colorectal Cancer Maxim Pavlenko, Karolinska University Hospital Epitope Discovery in Prostate Cancer: Characterizing an Immunodominant CTL Epitope of PSA in Mice Vincenzo Cerullo, University of Helsinki First Ever Tumor-specific Response Observed for Human Patients in Oncolytic Adenovirus Cancer Gene Therapy Study James Wells, King’s College London New Adjuvant Drives Unprecedented Cytotoxic T Cell Response Providing a Potent Vaccine Development Platform Hiro Yagi, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine Pro5® Pentamers Integral in Successful Research Into Novel Immunization Strategy Norman Woller, Edkulla Ramakrishna, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover Using thinkpeptides to Improve Virotherapy Against Tumor Targets More Cancer Publications Citing ProImmune CMV CMV Claire Ventura, Sanofi Pasteur, France Finding a way to control chronic CMV infection Daniela Weiskopf, Austrian Academy of Sciences ProImmune REVEAL® Rate assays and Pro5® Pentamers Central to Study Investigating Oxidative Stress Paul Moss, University of Birmingham Pro5® Pentamers are Used to Enrich CMV-specific T Cells for Transfusion Into Transplant Patients More CMV Publications Citing ProImmune EBV EBV Stephanie Gras, Queensland Institute of Medical Research Analyzing Allelic Polymorphism in the T Cell Receptor and its Impact on Immune Responses in an EBV Setting Judy Tellam, Queensland Institute of Medical Research Pro5® MHC Class I Pentamer Combined with Intracellular Cytokine Staining Shows How Protein Translation Affects the Molecular Dynamics of Antigen Presentation Christopher Fox, University of Birmingham Researchers Use Pro5® MHC Pentamers to Identify an Exciting New Target for EBV Treatment Michael Uhlin, Karolinska Institute Pro5® Pentamers Central in Life-saving Procedure for PTLD Treatment Michael Uhlin, Karolinska Institute Invited Editorial: The Best Strategy for Adoptive T Cell Transfer Suzanne Elliot, Queensland Institute of Medical Research Pro5® MHC Class I Pentamers Used to Evaluate Vaccine Safety John J. Miles, Cardiff University School of Medicine Invited Editorial: Tracking the TCR Repertoire Evolution During Primary Viral Infection in Humans More EBV publications citing ProImmune Haemophilia Haemophilia Gouri Pandey, FDA ProImmune REVEAL® Class II HLA-Peptide Binding Assay used to identify potential potential FVIII epitopes that increase the risk of FVIII inhibitors in African-American Haemophilia A patients compared with Caucasians Katherine High, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Pro5® MHC Pentamers used in conjunction with ProPresent® Antigen Presentation Assays to identify MHC class I epitopes in AAV vectors that trigger cytotoxic T cell responses when presented by hepatocytes Hepatitis (HBV and HCV) Hepatitis (HBV and HCV) Adam Gehring, Singapore Institute for Clinical Science Phenotypic Analysis of HBV-specific T Cells Using Pro5® Pentamers Victoria Kasprowicz, University of KwaZulu Natal A Story of Viral Escape Through Sequence Variation in Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection Lars Frelin, Karolinska Institute Developing a Therapeutic Hepatitis B Vaccine with Pro5® Pentamers Eleanor Barnes, University of Oxford Success for Hepatitis C Vaccine Trials at Oxford University Tanja Lange, University of Lübeck Sleep Your Way to Better Immunity – Sleep After Vaccination Boosts Immunological Memory More Hepatitis Publications Citing ProImmune HIV HIV Samantha Westrop, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital ProImmune REVEAL & ProVE® Rapid Epitope Discovery System used to Identify Novel T Cell Epitopes in HIV-1 Jorge Almeida, INSERM T Cell Vaccines for HIV-1 Move a Step Closer – Researchers Use HIV-specific Pro5® MHC Class I Pentamers Combined with Intracellular Cytokine Staining Aude Chapuis, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, USA Sending in Trained Killers to Attack Residual HIV Infection University of Manitoba Researchers Use PEPscreen® Library for Epitope Mapping Tarmo Mölder, University of Tartu HIV Vaccine Study in Pigs Uses PEPscreen® Peptides in ELISpot Assays More HIV Publications Citing ProImmune Infectious Diseases Paul Arnaboldi, New York Medical Center Diagnostic Peptide Epitope for Lyme Disease Identified with ProArray Ultra® Sanja Selak, Intercell AG Developing Effective Vaccine Strategies for Complex Pathogens Maziar Divangahi, Harvard Medical School, USA A Messy End for TB-infected Macrophages Ana Ferreira, Instituto Gulbekian de Ciência, Portugal Researchers Show How Inheritance of Sickle Cell Anemia Protects Against Malaria Infection Virginie Roupie, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels PEPscreen® Used in Vaccine Development for Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Cyrille Bisseye, Medical Research Council UK and The Gambia Designing a Malaria Vaccine Influenza Influenza J Guo, University of Texas Deletion of FoxN1 in the thymic medullary epithelium reduces peripheral T cell responses to infection and mimics changes of aging Roberto Mallone, Hôpital Saint Vincent de Paul How Does Blood Processing Affect the Results of Cell Mediated Immunity Assays? ProImmune’s Flu Pro5® MHC Class I Pentamer is Used as an Exemplar in an Exploratory Study Sohail Ahmed, Novartis ProImmune REVEAL® MHC Peptide Binding Assays used by team at Novartis and Stanford University to investigate immunological insights into the causation of narcolepsy associated with pandemic H1N1 influenza vaccine Pandemrix® More Influenza Publications Citing ProImmune NKT Cells and CD1d NKT Cells and CD1d Patricia Barral, Cancer Research UK ProImmune CD1d Tetramers Provide Novel Insights Into NKT Cell Activation Stefan Porubsky, DKFZ The Significance of Isoglobotrihexosylceramide (iGb3) as the Natural CD1d Ligand in Mice Maya Fedeli, H San Raffaele Scientific Institute NKT Cell Differentiation Depends on Dicer Processing of MicroRNA Thierry Mallevaey, INSERM NKT Cells are Important in the Acquired Immune Response During Helminthiasis Omar Duramad, Regimmune ProImmune’s Human CD1d Tetramer Detects NKT Cells from Non-human Primates More Publications Citing ProImmune CD1d Tetramers More Case Studies More Testimonialsengben-GB1770284281https://proimmune.com
لینکونه
لوبې
په ویب کې لټون وکړئ
تجزیه
وړیا بریښنالیک / ویب میل
ویب شاپ
وړیا فرعي ډومین
کوچنی URL
ChatGPT
وسیلې
Webdirectory
ويکي
ټرانسپورټ
اجنډا
اړیکې