https://ourworldindata.org

Our World in DataResearch and data to make progress against the world’s largest problemsOur World in DataOur World in DataBrowse by topicLatestResourcesAboutSubscribeDonateGdoc/AdminPopular pagesCO₂ EmissionsEconomic InequalityHuman RightsPovertyEnergyLife ExpectancyCauses of DeathPopulation GrowthCOVID-19Research and data to make progress against the world’s largest problems.13,158 charts across 119 topicsAll free: open access and open sourceOur MissionWhat do we need to know to make the world a better place?To make progress against the pressing problems the world faces, we need to be informed by the best research and data.Our World in Data makes this knowledge accessible and understandable, to empower those working to build a better world.Read about our mission Subscribe to our newsletter We are a non-profit — all our work is free to use and open source. Consider supporting us if you find our work valuable.Donate to support us As seen onFeatured workNew topic pageMetals and MineralsWhich countries produce the world’s critical minerals? How is production changing over time?Hannah Ritchie and Pablo RosadoArticle · 13 min readWhich countries have the critical minerals needed for the energy transition?An overview of the distribution of critical minerals for clean energy.Hannah Ritchie and Pablo RosadoArticle · 8 min readHalf of all child deaths are linked to malnutritionImproving the nutrition of mothers and children could save many lives at a relatively low cost.Hannah RitchieArticle · 11 min readMany of us can save a child’s life, if we rely on the best dataThere are many ways to improve the world, but their cost-effectiveness varies immensely. You can achieve a lot more if you rely on the best data on where to donate.Max RoserArticle · 9 min readAntipsychotic medications: a timeline of innovations and remaining challengesScientists have developed effective and safer antipsychotic medications, but much improvement is still needed.Saloni DattaniSee all our latest work See all our latest work Daily Data InsightsBite-sized insights on how the world is changing, published every weekday.See all Daily Data Insights TodayLess than half of births are attended by skilled health staff in some of the poorest countriesSkilled health staff can reduce the risk of mothers and infants dying during childbirth.In most countries, almost all births are now attended by trained health professionals. But as you can see on the map, this is the case for less than half of births in some of the world’s poorest countries.This is based on data from Demographic and Health Surveys and UNICEF. Note that this doesn’t mean births in these countries aren’t attended by any skilled staff; it simply measures staff with professional medical training.Improving access to essential healthcare and services could help reduce maternal and infant mortality rates.Explore the data →Continue reading YesterdayInfants used to have a higher risk of dying than 80-year-oldsInfancy used to be an extremely dangerous time of life.As the chart shows, around 20% of girls in Sweden died before their first birthday in the 18th century. This was higher than the risk among 80-year-olds — at that age, 10% to 20% died each year.Since then, the risk of dying has reduced across all ages, but the reduction has been most profound for infants. Rates have fallen 100-fold.This progress has come from improvements in hygiene, clean water and sanitation, vaccination, nutrition, neonatal healthcare, and surgery.The data comes from the Human Mortality Database and the United Nations World Population Prospects. I’ve shown data from Sweden, which has the longest historical records, stretching back to the 1750s.Explore the same data for many more countries →Continue reading September 13Chile produced 9.4% of its primary energy from solar in 2023 — the highest in any country that yearAccording to the Energy Institute’s Statistical Review of World Energy, in 2023, Chile produced 9.4% of its primary energy from solar sources, the highest share in any country. When we look at electricity alone, solar produced 20% of the total.This marks a trend of continued year-on-year growth in a country that, just a decade earlier, generated almost no electricity from solar.Chile's growth has been faster than that of other solar champions like Spain and Australia, where the adoption of these technologies started earlier.Much of Chile's solar energy is captured in the Atacama Desert. This region, in Northern Chile, receives the highest level of sunlight exposure in the world and is home to Latin America’s first solar thermal plant.Explore data on energy production and sources, country by country →Continue reading September 12Venezuelan migration: a major demographic shift in South AmericaThe chart shows net migration trends for Venezuela, Peru, Chile, and Colombia from 1950 to 2023. This is the net difference between immigrants coming into a country and emigrants leaving. This data published by the UN World Population Prospects shows how significant this demographic event is in the region’s recent history.Starting around 2015, Venezuela's net migration dropped sharply, with a record 1.36 million people emigrating in 2018. The timing of this shift, accelerating from 2015 onwards, coincides with Venezuela's worsening economic and political instability.At the same time, wealthier countries like Peru, Chile, and Colombia experienced significant increases in net migration, which suggests they have become major destinations for Venezuelan migrants. This trend is even clearer when visualizing where immigrants from Venezuela moved to.Explore net migration patterns in other countries →Continue reading September 11Less than 60% of the world has access to safe sanitationUnsafe sanitation is responsible for hundreds of thousands of deaths each year. It increases the risk of many fatal diseases, including cholera, diarrhea, dysentery, hepatitis A, typhoid, and polio.Unfortunately, over 40% of the world does not have access to safe sanitation facilities. This is based on estimates from the WHO/UNICEF’s Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene.The chart shows the share of the global population that has access to safe sanitation over time. While rates have increased, particularly over the last decade, they still fall far short of the UN’s target of universal access in 2030.Increasing access to safe sanitation would save many lives from preventable infectious diseases.Explore the data →Continue reading September 10Public social spending has increased very substantially in the 20th centuryThe chart shows that in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, governments’ social spending amounted to very little. Countries spent, at most, 1 to 2% of their national income on public social services.This changed significantly over the 20th century: public social spending in wealthy countries now amounts to between 15% and 30% of national income.The biggest reasons for this increase are higher expenditure on healthcare and education.This data comes from the OECD and Peter Lindert’s history of social spending.Read more about the history of government spending →Continue reading September 09COVID-19 raised respiratory infection death rates to levels not seen in many decadesThe chart shows the death rates from respiratory infections in countries since 1950.Data comes from the WHO Mortality Database, which compiles data reported by each country. The data typically comes with a few years of delay since it needs to be standardized.It helps us to look back and see the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic from a historical perspective.As you can see, there has been a long-run decline in respiratory infection death rates. This is due to improved sanitation, healthcare, and vaccination against diseases such as influenza, tuberculosis, and pertussis.But during the pandemic, death rates from respiratory infections surged massively due to COVID-19 and reached levels not seen in many decades.Explore the data on respiratory infection death rates for other countries →Continue reading Get Daily Data Insights delivered to your inboxReceive an email from us when we publish a Daily Data Insight (every weekday).Subscribe By subscribing you are agreeing to the terms of our privacy policy.Explore our dataFeatured data from our collection of more than 13,100 interactive charts.See all our data Under-five mortality rateLong-run estimates combining data from UN & GapminderUnder-five mortality rate Long-run estimates combining data from un & gapminderWhat share of children die before their fifth birthday?What could be more tragic than the death of a young child? Child mortality, the death of children under the age of five, is still extremely common in our world today.The historical data makes clear that it doesn’t have to be this way: it is possible for societies to protect their children and reduce child mortality to very low rates. For child mortality to reach low levels, many things have to go right at the same time: good healthcare, good nutrition, clean water and sanitation, maternal health, and high living standards. We can, therefore, think of child mortality as a proxy indicator of a country’s living conditions.The chart shows our long-run data on child mortality, which allows you to see how child mortality has changed in countries around the world.Explore and learn more about this data Click to open interactive versionExplore and learn more about this data Share of population living in extreme povertyWorld BankShare of population living in extreme povertyWorld BankShare of population living in extreme poverty World bankWhat share of the population lives in extreme poverty?The UN sets the “International Poverty Line” as a worldwide comparable definition for extreme poverty. Extreme poverty is currently defined as living on less than $2.15 per day. This indicator, published by the World Bank, has successfully drawn attention to the terrible depths of poverty of the poorest people in the world.Two centuries ago, the majority of the world’s population was extremely poor. Back then, it was widely believed that widespread poverty was inevitable. This turned out to be wrong. Economic growth is possible and makes it possible for entire societies to leave the deep poverty of the past behind. Whether or not countries are leaving the worst poverty behind can be monitored by relying on this indicator.Explore and learn more about this data Click to open interactive versionExplore and learn more about this data Life expectancy at birthLong-run estimates collated from multiple sources by Our World in DataLife expectancy at birthLong-run estimates collated from multiple sources by Our World in DataLife expectancy at birth Long-run estimates collated from multiple sources by our world in dataHow has people’s life expectancy changed over time?Across the world, people are living longer. In 1900, the global average life expectancy of a newborn was 32 years. By 2021, this had more than doubled to 71 years.Big improvements were achieved by countries around the world. The chart shows that life expectancy has more than doubled in every region of the world. This improvement is not only due to declining child mortality; life expectancy increased at all ages.This visualization shows long-run estimates of life expectancy brought together by our team from several different data sources. It also shows that the COVID-19 pandemic led to reduced life expectancy worldwide.Explore and learn more about this data Click to open interactive versionExplore and learn more about this data Per capita CO₂ emissionsLong-run estimates from the Global Carbon BudgetPer capita CO₂ emissionsLong-run estimates from the Global Carbon BudgetPer capita CO₂ emissions Long-run estimates from the global carbon budgetHow have CO₂ emissions per capita changed?The main source of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is the burning of fossil fuels. It is the primary greenhouse gas causing climate change.Globally, CO2 emissions have remained at just below 5 tonnes per person for over a decade. Between countries, however, there are large differences, and while emissions are rapidly increasing in some countries, they are rapidly falling in others.The source for this CO2 data is the Global Carbon Budget, a dataset we update yearly as soon as it is published. In addition to these production-based emissions, they publish consumption-based emissions for the last three decades, which can be viewed in our Greenhouse Gas Emissions Data Explorer.Explore and learn more about this data Click to open interactive versionExplore and learn more about this data GDP per capitaLong-run estimates from the Maddison Project DatabaseGDP per capitaLong-run estimates from the Maddison Project DatabaseGDP per capita Long-run estimates from the maddison project databaseHow do average incomes compare between countries around the world?GDP per capita is a very comprehensive measure of people’s average income. This indicator reveals how large the inequality between people in different countries is. In the poorest countries, people live on less than $1,000 per year, while in rich countries, the average income is more than 50 times higher.The data shown is sourced from the Maddison Project Database. Drawing together the careful work of hundreds of economic historians, the particular value of this data lies in the historical coverage it provides. This data makes clear that the vast majority of people in all countries were poor in the past. It allows us to understand when and how the economic growth that made it possible to leave the deep poverty of the past behind was achieved.Explore and learn more about this data Click to open interactive versionExplore and learn more about this data Share of people that are undernourishedFAOShare of people that are undernourishedFAOShare of people that are undernourished FaoWhat share of the population is suffering from hunger?Hunger has been a severe problem for most of humanity throughout history. Growing enough food to feed one’s family was a constant struggle in daily life. Food shortages, malnutrition, and famines were common around the world.The UN’s Food and Agriculture Organization publishes global data on undernourishment, defined as not consuming enough calories to maintain a normal, active, healthy life. These minimum requirements vary by a person’s sex, weight, height, and activity levels. This is considered in these national and global estimates.The world has made much progress in reducing global hunger in recent decades. But we are still far away from an end to hunger, as this indicator shows. Tragically, nearly one in ten people still do not get enough food to eat and in recent years — especially during the pandemic — hunger levels have increased.Explore and learn more about this data Click to open interactive versionExplore and learn more about this data Literacy rateLong-run estimates collated from multiple sources by Our World in DataLiteracy rateLong-run estimates collated from multiple sources by Our World in DataLiteracy rate Long-run estimates collated from multiple sources by our world in dataWhen has literacy become a widespread skill?Literacy is a foundational skill. Children need to learn to read so that they can read to learn. When we fail to teach this foundational skill, people have fewer opportunities to lead the rich and interesting lives that a good education offers.The historical data shows that only a very small share of the population, a tiny elite, was able to read and write. Over the course of the last few generations, literacy levels increased, but it remains an important challenge for our time to provide this foundational skill to all.At Our World in Data, we investigated the strengths and shortcomings of the available data on literacy. Based on this work, our team brought together the long-run data shown in the chart by combining several different sources, including the World Bank, the CIA Factbook, and a range of research publications.Explore and learn more about this data Click to open interactive versionExplore and learn more about this data Share of the population with access to electricityWorld BankShare of the population with access to electricityWorld BankShare of the population with access to electricity World bankWhere do people lack access to even the most basic electricity supply?Light at night makes it possible to get together after sunset; mobile phones allow us to stay in touch with those far away; the refrigeration of food reduces food waste; and household appliances free up time from household chores. Access to electricity improves people’s living conditions in many ways.The World Bank data on the world map captures whether people have access to the most basic electricity supply — just enough to provide basic lighting and charge a phone or power a radio for 4 hours per day.It shows that, especially in several African countries, a large share of the population lacks the benefits that basic electricity offers. No radio and no light at night.Explore and learn more about this data Click to open interactive versionExplore and learn more about this data Data explorersSee all our Data Explorers Interactive visualization tools to explore a wide range of related indicators.Poverty Data ExplorerPopulation & Demography Data ExplorerGlobal Health Data ExplorerEnergy Data ExplorerSubscribe to our newsletterReceive our latest work by email.Daily Data InsightsReceive our bite-sized insights on how the world is changing, every weekday.Biweekly DigestReceive an overview of our recent work and highlights of our other work every two weeks.SubscribeBy subscribing you are agreeing to the terms of our privacy policy.Follow usXFacebookInstagramThreadsResearch & Writing RSS FeedDaily Data Insights RSS FeedAll our topicsAll our data, research, and writing — topic by topic.Population and Demographic ChangePopulation Change:Population GrowthAge StructureGender RatioBirths and Deaths:Life ExpectancyFertility RateChild and Infant MortalityGeography of the World Population:UrbanizationMigrationHealthLife and Death:Global HealthCauses of DeathChild and Infant MortalityBurden of DiseaseLife ExpectancyMental HealthSuicidesCardiovascular DiseasesCancerMaternal MortalityHealth Risks:Air PollutionOutdoor Air PollutionIndoor Air PollutionLead PollutionAlcohol ConsumptionOpioids, Cocaine, Cannabis, and Other Illicit DrugsObesitySmokingInfectious Diseases:PandemicsCoronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19)MalariaHIV/AIDSDiarrheal DiseasesTuberculosisPolioNeglected Tropical DiseasesInfluenzaPneumoniaTetanusMpoxSmallpoxHealth Institutions and Interventions:Eradication of DiseasesVaccinationHealthcare SpendingEnergy and EnvironmentClimate and Air:Climate ChangeCO₂ and Greenhouse Gas EmissionsAir PollutionOutdoor Air PollutionIndoor Air PollutionOzone LayerEnergy Systems:EnergyAccess to EnergyFossil FuelsRenewable EnergyNuclear EnergyMetals and MineralsEnvironment and Ecosystems:Natural DisastersBiodiversityEnvironmental Impacts of Food ProductionFish and OverfishingLand UseWater Use and StressForests and DeforestationWildfiresAnimal WelfareWaste and Pollution:Plastic PollutionOil SpillsLead PollutionFood and AgricultureFood Production:Agricultural ProductionMeat and Dairy ProductionFish and OverfishingCrop YieldsAnimal WelfareEnvironmental Impacts of Food ProductionFarm Size and ProductivityAgricultural Inputs:Land UseFertilizersPesticidesEmployment in AgricultureNutrition:Hunger and UndernourishmentFood SupplyFood PricesObesityFaminesDiet CompositionsMicronutrient DeficiencyHuman HeightPoverty and Economic DevelopmentPoverty and Prosperity:PovertyEconomic GrowthEconomic InequalityEconomic Inequality by GenderPublic Sector:Government SpendingState CapacityTaxationCorruptionHealthcare SpendingEducation SpendingMilitary Personnel and SpendingLabor:Women’s EmploymentChild LaborWorking HoursGlobal Connections:Trade and GlobalizationMigrationTourismWater:Clean Water and SanitationClean WaterSanitationEducation and KnowledgeEducation:Global EducationLiteracyEducation SpendingKnowledge:Research and DevelopmentInternetBooksInnovation and Technological ChangeTechnological ChangeResearch and DevelopmentArtificial IntelligenceInternetSpace Exploration and SatellitesTransportLiving Conditions, Community, and WellbeingHousing and Infrastructure:HomelessnessAccess to EnergyIndoor Air PollutionClean Water and SanitationClean WaterSanitationLight at NightTime Use:Time UseWorking HoursRelationships:Marriages and DivorcesLoneliness and Social ConnectionsTrustHappiness and Wellbeing:Happiness and Life SatisfactionHuman Development Index (HDI)Human Rights and DemocracyHuman RightsDemocracyState CapacityWomen’s RightsLGBT+ RightsCorruptionEconomic Inequality by GenderChild LaborViolence Against Children and Children’s RightsViolence and WarWar and PeaceNuclear WeaponsHomicidesTerrorismState CapacityMilitary Personnel and SpendingBiological and Chemical WeaponsViolence Against Children and Children’s RightsOur World in Data is free and accessible for everyone.Help us do this work by making a donation.Donate nowAboutContactFeedbackJobsFundingFAQsDonatePrivacy policyLatest workAll chartsTwitterFacebookInstagramThreadsGitHubResearch & Writing RSS FeedDaily Data Insights RSS FeedLicenses: All visualizations, data, and articles produced by Our World in Data are open access under the Creative Commons BY license. You have permission to use, distribute, and reproduce these in any medium, provided the source and authors are credited. All the software and code that we write is open source and made available via GitHub under the permissive MIT license. All other material, including data produced by third parties and made available by Our World in Data, is subject to the license terms from the original third-party authors.Please consult our full legal disclaimer.Our World In Data is a project of the Global Change Data Lab, a registered charity in England and Wales (Charity Number 1186433).1727871070https://ourworldindata.org

Sahypaňyzy redaktirläňmi?

Näme edýärsiň?